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Verbal communication involves transmitting messages through spoken words, while non-verbal communication uses body language, gestures and expressions. There are different language varieties and registers depending on the formality of the situation. Formal registers are more impersonal while informal registers are casual. Non-verbal communication includes kinesics (body language), paralanguage (voice qualities), proxemics (use of space) and chronemics (use of time). Together, verbal and non-verbal communication help convey intended meanings.

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49 views

Eac C

Verbal communication involves transmitting messages through spoken words, while non-verbal communication uses body language, gestures and expressions. There are different language varieties and registers depending on the formality of the situation. Formal registers are more impersonal while informal registers are casual. Non-verbal communication includes kinesics (body language), paralanguage (voice qualities), proxemics (use of space) and chronemics (use of time). Together, verbal and non-verbal communication help convey intended meanings.

Uploaded by

deanyangg25
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Share an unforgettable experience

(Seatwork - Individual).
Watch my lecture on formal and informal
language and share a relevant experience
that you may want to share with others in
its comment section:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ta0
MTGHmB84&t=253s
Lesson 3
Communication through Verbal and Non-verbal Messages
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

1. Distinguish verbal communication from non-


verbal communication;
2. Discuss the varieties and registers of spoken and
written English; and
3. Employ the appropriate varieties, registers, and
expressions in spoken and written discourse.
Verbal Communication
• It is a type of oral communication
wherein the message is transmitted
through the spoken words. Here the
sender gives words to his feelings,
thoughts, ideas and opinions and
expresses them in the form of speeches,
discussions, presentations, and
conversations.
Non-verbal communication
• Is the use of body language,
gestures, facial expressions, and
even posture to communicate.
• It sets the tone of a conversation,
and can seriously undermine the
message contained in your words if
you not careful to control it.
Language Variety and Register
• system of rules (also known as grammar),
sound system (phonology) and a vocabulary
(lexicon)
• -is a set of arbitrary symbols which create
possible combination of utterances primarily
used for communication
• Arbitrary-the users of the language in a
particular speech community have
subconsciously or unconsciously agreed that a
particular symbol or a word represents a
particular idea or object-Different speech
communities use different words for the same
category ex: “elevator” and “lift”-Read the
article “It aint right, innit?”
Language Register
• Language register is the level of formality with
which you speak. Different situations and people
call for different registers.
• Each level has an appropriate use that is
determined by differing situations. It would
certainly be inappropriate to use language and
vocabulary reserve for a boyfriend or girlfriend
when speaking in the classroom. Thus the
appropriate language register depends upon the
audience (who), the topic (what), purpose (why)
and location (where).
Formal Register
• This language is used in formal
settings and is one-way in nature.
This use of language usually
follows a commonly accepted
format. It is usually impersonal
and formal. A common format for
this register are speeches. e.g.
sermons, rhetorical statements
and questions, speeches,
pronouncements made by judges,
announcements.
Formal Register

• This type is used in a


professional context. It is
highly structured,
impersonal, and more
serious in its tone,
vocabulary, and grammar.
• It is common in the
workplace, academe,
business, trade, and other
inductries.
Informal Register
• It is a casual, personal and more
intimate in its tone, sentence structure,
and choice of words.
• This appropriate when communicating
with people you know very well such as
your family, relatives, and friends.
• It is used during informal gatherings
such as a family dinner, party, and other
informal encounters.
neutral Register
• This is a more factual and non-
emotional type of language register.
This is mostly used in highly business-
oriented and technical contexts.
Non-verbal Communication
Non-verbal Communication

As noted by John Stoker, a higher percentage (93%) of


communication is manifested through non-verbal
behaviors. This means that messages are still conveyed
even when people are not actually speaking.
It refers to the cues that are sent through body
language, posture, gesture, movements, facial
expressions, and appearances that are used in place of
or simultaneously with verbal messages.
According to Verderber et al. (2015), it is categorized
into four: kinesics, paralanguage, proxemics, and
chronemics.
Kinesics: Use of Body
It is a systematic study of the relationship
between nonlinguistic body motions (such
as blushes, shrugs, or eye movement) and
communication.

It is the interpretation of body motion


communication such as facial expressions
and gestures, nonverbal behavior related to
movement of any part of the body or the
body as a whole. The equivalent popular
culture term is body language, a term Ray
Birdwhistell, considered the founder of this
area of study.
Paralanguage: Use of Voice
Paralanguage is a form of nonverbal
communication that allows people to
add layers of meaning to their spoken
utterances through the manipulation
of the manner of speech, or the way
they say things. Paralanguage refers to
the conveyance of meaning through
non-lexical tokens (or non-words,
such as "huh," "hmm," or "well") such
as qualities of prosody (or the rhythm,
stress, and sound of speech).
Paralanguage: Use of Voice
The should have intelligibility,
variety, and understandable patterns.

Variety refers to your pitch, force,


and pause. If you vary these aspects
of your voice, you can avoid
monotony.

Stress is the emphasis put on a


certain syllable or word/s.
Proxemics: The Use of Space

The technical term used to study


how space and distance
communicate is proxemics (Hall,
1968).
There are three types: personal
space, territorial space, and
acoustic space.
Personal Space

This is the distance one


consciously maintains when
interacting with others. The more
intimate your relationship with
other person, the more that you
allow him or her to be near your
personal space. However, when it
is a stranger that talks to you, you
would keep your distance.
Territorial Space

This is the physical space which implies


your sense of authority and ownership.
At home, you may have your own
rooms. You and your siblings usually
have separate beds and closets. At work,
employees have their own cubicles or
desks which also set them apart from
others.
He/She is territorial. This implies that
the person puts premium on his or her
privacy and exclusive ownership of
territorial space.
Acoustic Space

This is the area where the voice


of the speaker is either heard or
not. Competent speakers take
this into account and accordingly
adjust their volume and rate of
speech to match the space or
make their voice audible.
Chronemics: Use of time

Chronemic pertains to people perceive and value


time.

In a monochronic culture, “time is of the essence.”


Thus, when you see people start looking at their
watch or the clock every now and then in a
classroom it may mean that the class may already
be running overtime.

It can also be a sign of lack of interest. However, in a


polychronic culture, people usually consider the
“luxury of time” so waiting is not an issue.

In both cases, participants have to be sensitive and


mindful of others’ schedule or use of time.

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