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Modern Optics - Lecture2

The document discusses the laws of reflection and refraction, including Snell's law and Fresnel's formulae. It examines the boundary conditions for electromagnetic waves reflecting and refracting at an interface between two media, deriving expressions for the reflected and refracted wave amplitudes. Various phenomena are explored, such as normal incidence, Brewster's angle, total internal reflection, and the behavior of energy and phase of waves under different refractive conditions.

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69 views

Modern Optics - Lecture2

The document discusses the laws of reflection and refraction, including Snell's law and Fresnel's formulae. It examines the boundary conditions for electromagnetic waves reflecting and refracting at an interface between two media, deriving expressions for the reflected and refracted wave amplitudes. Various phenomena are explored, such as normal incidence, Brewster's angle, total internal reflection, and the behavior of energy and phase of waves under different refractive conditions.

Uploaded by

chpmahdi07
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Modern Optics

R. B. Guenther

Dr. R. Aalipour
Lecture 2: Reflection and Refraction

• Laws of reflection and refraction


• Fresnel’s formulae
Laws of reflection and refraction

Diagram for light reflection and refraction across a boundary between the upper half plane with the
refractive index and the lower half plane with the refractive index
Laws of reflection and refraction

The incident wave is assumed to be a plane wave

In order to have the refractive and reflective waves, the phase of the incident, reflected, and refracted waves
must be equal on the boundary between the two half planes at :

Across the boundary,

At :

and are the direction cosines of the incident and transmitted waves
Laws of reflection and refraction

At :

Independently for the components:

From the diagram:


Laws of reflection and refraction

Reflection law

Refraction law (Snell’s law)


Fresnel’s formulae

Suppose that a light wave with the two electric field components, and and waver vector incident to
the boundary between the two half planes

𝜃𝑖
𝜃𝑖

𝜃𝑡
Fresnel’s formulae

Boundary conditions associated with Maxwell’s equations:

From that:

From that:
Fresnel’s formulae

From the Faraday law:

For each of the vectors:

From that:
Fresnel’s formulae

For each of the vectors:


Fresnel’s formulae

From Snell’s law

+¿
Fresnel’s formulae

From Snell’s law


Fresnel’s formulae

From Snell’s law


Fresnel’s formulae

Exercise:
Fresnel’s formulae
Fresnel’s formulae
Reflected and Transmitted Energy
Fresnel’s formulae
Fresnel’s formulae
Normal Incidence
B
Fresnel’s formulae
Normal Incidence
Fresnel’s formulae
Normal Incidence
Fresnel’s formulae
Polarization through reflection, Brewster’s angle
Fresnel’s formulae
What happen at Brewster’s angle?
Fresnel’s formulae
Total reflection
Fresnel’s formulae
Total reflection
Fresnel’s formulae
Energy flow at total reflection
Fresnel’s formulae
Phase of wave at total reflection
Fresnel’s formulae
Phase of wave at total reflection

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