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Incomplete Dominance and Codominance

Incomplete dominance is demonstrated in the example of pink snapdragon flowers resulting from a cross between red (RR) and white (rr) flowers. The red and white alleles are not fully dominant over each other, so the offspring exhibits an intermediate phenotype of pink (Rr) flowers, with the traits blending together. A Punnett square is used to show that crossing a red flower with a white flower would result in all pink offspring. [END SUMMARY]

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
106 views43 pages

Incomplete Dominance and Codominance

Incomplete dominance is demonstrated in the example of pink snapdragon flowers resulting from a cross between red (RR) and white (rr) flowers. The red and white alleles are not fully dominant over each other, so the offspring exhibits an intermediate phenotype of pink (Rr) flowers, with the traits blending together. A Punnett square is used to show that crossing a red flower with a white flower would result in all pink offspring. [END SUMMARY]

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cocosarang439
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INCOMPLETE

DOMINANCE
• INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
✔ Incomplete dominance is when a
dominant allele form of a gene,
which does not completely mask
the effects of a recessive allele

Snapdragon flower
is a good example
X =
Red (RR) X White (rr) = Pink (Rr)
The allele with color red (RR)
is not completely expressed over the
color white (rr) resulting to an offspring
that is color pink (Rr).
The inherited traits blend together!
To understand this better, we use a
representation using a table called Punnett
Square
Punnett Square:
Cross between RED (RR) and White (rr) color.
Genotype and Phenotype
GENOTYPE:
Rr =

PHENOTYPE:
Pink=

How many are they?


Genotype and Phenotype

1 2
3 4
What would happen if two Pink
Snapdragons would mate? What would the
characteristics of the offspring be?

X = ?
F1 (Filial 1)
Can you help me with this?
GENOTYPE:
RR-
Rr-
rr-

PHENOTYPE:
Red-
White-
Pink-
How about the
Phenotype and
Genotype?
Got it!!!
GENOTYPE:
(ALLELES)
RR-
Rr-
rr-
PHENOTYPE:
1 1 (TRAITS)
Red-
Pink-
2 1 White-
CONCLUSION:
✔ In incomplete dominance the
parent’s characteristics blend in
offspring with two heterozygous
alleles
✔ An INTERMEDIATE allele is
produced.
✔ The offspring looks different, but
slightly similar to its parents.
Seatwork # 1
In humans, wavy hair (Cc)
is the result of incomplete
dominance of curly (CC) hair
to straight (cc) hair genes.
What is the possible genotype
inherited traits from two wavy
haired parents?
Seatwork #2
wavy hair (Cc)
curly hair (CC)
Straight hair (cc)
What is the possible
genotype inherited from
curly haired father and a
wavy-haired mother?
CODOMINANCE
• CODOMINANCE
✔Occur when genes has
two DOMINANT alleles
are both are
expressed or visible
in the phenotype of the
offspring.
• EXAMPLE OF CODOMINANCE

Here’s an example of a roan cow… can


you observe its color?
It has white and red color at the same time

http://www.publicdomainfiles.com/show_file.
php?id=13939393218470
How is a Roan trait expressed?
Observe the image below

X
RR

Image Source:
http://www.publicdomainfiles.com/show_file.php?id=13939393218470
If we apply this in the Punnett Square what
would it look like? And can you try to solve for
it’s phenotypic percentage?

Image Source:
http://www.publicdomainfiles.com/show_file.php?id=13939393218470
CONCLUSION:
✔In codominance both
characteristics are expressed
with heterozygous alleles
✔ in the phenotype, you will
see two traits (from dominant
allele of each parents).
Seatwork #3
Mang Berto owns brown
(BB) cows while his
neighbor farms owns
roan (BW) and white
(WW) coat bulls. One
day his cows birthed
roan calves, who is the
father of the calves?
Seatwork # 4
In a species of birds, blue
feathers (BB) are incompletely
dominant to the gene for white
feathers (bb). Individuals that
are heterozygous (Bb) have
blue-tipped feathers. What
traits can be inherited if a bird
with blue-tipped feathers is
crossed with a white bird.
MULTIPLE
ALLELES
• MULTIPLE
ALLELE
✔is where there are three (3)
or more alternative forms
of alleles of the same
genes, thus producing
more physical variations
✔The best example for
multiple allele is Blood
Type!

How many blood


types are you familiar
with? What are they?
Blood type exists in four
(4) possible phenotypes:
A, B, AB, & O.
Wow that’s
many!
But how did it happen?!
There are 3 alleles (A, B and O) for
the gene that determines blood type,
however an individual can only
hold two.

How many combinations can


we make from A, B and O?
THE ANSWER IS… 6
AA, AO, AB, BB, BO, OO
The right way in writing down the alleles for
Blood Types is using the letter
“I or i”
“isoagglutinogen” another term for antigen
(antibody inducer)

ABO ALLELE
SYSTEM
A IA
B IB
O i
The genotype and phenotype for Blood Type

COMBINATIONS GENOTYPE PHENOTYPE

(AA)
IA IA
(AO)
A
IA i
(BB) IB IB
(BO) B
IA i
(AB) IA IB AB
(OO) i i O
So, what if......
The father has Blood Type A (IA i), while
the mother has Blood Type O (i i)…

The blood type of their kids would be…


You’re doing great!
How about it’s
Genotype
Phenotype
and
Ratio?

GENOTYPE: PHENOTYPE:

GENOTYPIC RATIO: PHENOTYPIC


RATIO:
✔ Additional Information

Not everyone can donate


or accept a different type of blood to or
from someone
Due to difference in our antigens and
antibodies
However!
There is a universal donor Type O
and acceptor Type AB
The fur color
of those adorable
rabbits is also an
example of
Multiple Alleles

Image Sourcehttps://courses.lum: enlearning.com/bio1/chapter/reading-multiple-alleles/


CONCLUSION:
✔An allele which
consists of three (3)
or more alleles of the
same gene is called
Multiple Alleles
Seatwork # 5
Write the genotype for each person based on the
description:
a. Homozygous B – IB IB
b. Heterozygous A – IA i
c. Type O – i i
d. Type “A” with type “O” parent - IA i
e. Type “AB” – IA IB
f. Blood donated to anybody – i i (O)
g. Can only get blood from a type “O” donor – i i
(O), Type O can only receive same blood type
because it cannot accept blood with antigen A and
B
Seatwork # 6
In 1950’s a young woman sued
a film star and director Charlie
Chaplin for parental support of
her illegitimate child. Charlie
Chaplin’s blood type on record
is AB. The mother is blood type
A, while the child is blood type
O. The judge ruled in favor of
the mother. Based on what you
have learned, is this possible?
Why?

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