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Exploring The Structure and Function of Biological Molecules

This document discusses the structure and function of four major biological macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It explains that monomers link together through covalent bonds to form polymers, with glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleotides serving as monomers for carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids respectively. Each macromolecule has distinct structures that determine their various functions in energy storage, membrane structure, catalysis, genetic inheritance, and more.

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1K views9 pages

Exploring The Structure and Function of Biological Molecules

This document discusses the structure and function of four major biological macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It explains that monomers link together through covalent bonds to form polymers, with glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleotides serving as monomers for carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids respectively. Each macromolecule has distinct structures that determine their various functions in energy storage, membrane structure, catalysis, genetic inheritance, and more.

Uploaded by

mardeline machon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exploring the Structure and Function

of Biological Molecules
Module 4
MELC

• Explain how the structures of biological


molecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic
acid and proteins determine their properties and
functions
Biological Macromolecules

• Large organic molecules vital in sustaining life.


• Important component of each living organism
and performs variety of functions
• Coined in 1920 by Nobel Laureate Hermann
Staudinger, also asserted that these
macromolecules are formed by covalent bonds.
Monomers and Polymers
• Monomer is the basic unit of a polymer
• Carbohydrate- glucose
• Protein- amino acid
• Fats- fatty acids and triglycerides
• Nucleic Acid- nucleotides and bases
Carbohydrates
• Broken down into Carbon and hydrate ( H +O)
• Classified as simple and complex sugars (polysaccharide)
• Primary source of energy for man.
• Storage of energy (glycogen)
• Structural support of plant cells
LIPIDS
• Are hydrophobic nonpolar molecules containing C-H bonds and insoluble
in water. Lipids includes fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids and steroids
• FXNS: energy storage, insulation, building blocks of hormones, a
constituent of cell membrane.
PROTEIN

• Are polymers of amino acids arranged in a linear


sequence known as the most abundant organic
molecules in living systems and have the most diverse
functions.
• FXNS: Regulatory; structural (membrane), protective,
contractile, transport, storage.
NUCLEIC ACIDS
• Are biological macromolecules vital in continuity of life.
• Carries genetic material of a cell and provides instructions for the
functioning of the cell.
• 2 main types of nucleic acids:
• DNA (carries genetic material found in all lving organisms)
• and RNA (ribonucleic acid)- copies or transcribes; transfers and translate
genetic codes.
• PICS

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