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01 - Introduction To Computer Graphics and Visualization

This document provides an introduction to computer graphics and visualization. It discusses interactive 3D rendering, the rendering loop, refresh rates and frames per second (FPS). It also covers topics like the eye and pinhole camera model, the view frustum, lighting, the graphics pipeline, Painter's algorithm, z-buffering, and OpenGL. The objectives are to explain fundamental 3D computer graphics concepts and OpenGL.

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Achmad Taufiq
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60 views

01 - Introduction To Computer Graphics and Visualization

This document provides an introduction to computer graphics and visualization. It discusses interactive 3D rendering, the rendering loop, refresh rates and frames per second (FPS). It also covers topics like the eye and pinhole camera model, the view frustum, lighting, the graphics pipeline, Painter's algorithm, z-buffering, and OpenGL. The objectives are to explain fundamental 3D computer graphics concepts and OpenGL.

Uploaded by

Achmad Taufiq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AND VISUALIZATION

01 | Introduction to Computer Graphics and Visualization


COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
Agenda
 Interactive 3D Rendering
 The Rendering Loop
 Refresh Rates, FPS
 The eye, Pinhole camera, view frustum
 Light : Physical & Virtual
 The graphics pipeline
 Painter’s algorithm & z-buffer
 OpenGL
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
Objectives
 Explain Fundamental 3D Computer Graphics Concept.
 Explain OpenGL.
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
Interactive 3D Rendering
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
Which of these can be described as using
interactive 3D rendering?

[] The computer games Call of Duty and World of


Warcraft.
[] The Toy Story and Ice Age movies.
[] Recording a 3D image for medical purposes, such
as a CT (Computerized Tomography) scan of
a patient’s head.
[] The mobile phone games Angry Birds and Pacman.
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
The Rendering Loop
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
Refresh Rates and FPS
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
How many milliseconds go by between each field
update, if fields are updated at 50 Hertz?
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
The Eye
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
The Pinhole Camera
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
View Frustum
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
Screen Door
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
3D Scene
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
Light and Rendering
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
Reversing The Process
 Start from Camera
 Sum up direct lighting
 No shadows
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
Which of the following objects can be rendered
with this simple system?
The sphere could be made to look like:
[ ] a polished metal ball, reflecting everything around it.
[ ] unpolished wood, showing a grain.
[ ] it is a light bulb.
[ ] it is made of glass, refracting light through it.
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
Rendering Pipeline
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
Painter’s Algorithm
Sort objects based on their
distance from the camera, back
to front. You the render the
most distant object first, render
the next closest object, and so
on.
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
Z-Buffer
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
What is OpenGL ?
 Low-level Graphics API (Application Programming
Interface)
 Platform independent.
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
OpenGL History
 First developed by SGI (Silicon Graphics, Inc).
 1992, OpenGL ARB (Architecture Review Board) :
3DLabs, ATI, Dell, Evans & Sutherland, Hewlett-
Packard, IBM, Intel, Matrox, NVIDIA, SGI, Sun
Microsystems.
 2006, The Khronos group.
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
OpenGL Architecture
 OpenGL is a state machine.
 Since OpenGL 3.0, programmable pipeline/shader
based, less state- oriented API.
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
Fixed-Function vs Programmability
 Fixed-function pipeline is designed to be running
in CPU.
 Programmable pipeline (shader based) is designed
to be running in GPU so that can be easily and
flexible to control.
 3 types of shader : Vertex shaders,, Fragment
shaders, Geometry shaders.
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
OpenGL Rendering Pipeline
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
OpenGL Syntax
 Begin with “gl” : glVertex3f()
 Number represents number of parameters :
glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f).
 Letter after the number represent parameter type :
glVertex3f().
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISUALIZATION
References
 Interactive 3D Graphics, Autodesk, Eric Haines.
 Beginning OpenGL Game Programming, Course
Technology PTR, Luke Benstead, Dave Astle, Kevin
Hawkins.

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