Good

Day!
Graph of a
Quadratic
Function
Your Target!

At the end of this material, you should be able to:

• graphs a quadratic function and determines the:
(a) domain;
(b) range;
(c) intercepts;
(d) axis of symmetry;
(e) vertex; and
(f) direction of the opening of the parabola.
 Spark it Up!

Let us read and analyze the problem below.

Michael throws a rock upward using a slingshot from the rooftop of

their house 40 feet high at a speed of 72 feet per second. The rock’s
height above the ground can be modelled by the function .

• When does the rock reach the maximum height?

• What is the maximum height of the rock?
• When does the rock hit the ground?
 Now, let’s unlock the
following terms by
arranging the jumbled
letters.

The graph of a quadratic function is called the parabola.

The numerical coefficient of the leading term, i.e. the value of a,
determines the opening of the graph.

RDUAPW
UPWARD
When the value of is greater than zero.

51432 Also, when a parabola opens upward, a

minimum value occurs.
 Now, let’s unlock the
following terms by
arranging the jumbled
letters.

The graph of a quadratic function is called the parabola.

The numerical coefficient of the leading term, i.e. the value of a,
determines the opening of the graph.

NRDWAODW
DOWNWARD
When the value of is less than zero.

Also, when a parabola opens downward, a

14253 maximum value occurs.
 Now, let’s unlock the
following terms by
arranging the jumbled
letters.

AXIS OF SYMMETRY
XAIS-FO-SMYTMRYE

It is a line that divides the parabola into two equal parts.

The equation of the axis of symmetry is

53
124 denoted by .
 Now, let’s unlock the
following terms by
arranging the jumbled
letters.

EETRXV
VERTEX

It is the minimum or the maximum point of the graph.

The vertex of a parabola is denoted by

where
and
42
135
 Now, let’s unlock the
following terms by
arranging the jumbled
letters.

Y-INTERCEPT
Y-NTRPTCEIE

It is the point wherein the graph touches the y–axis.

The y-intercept is usually denoted by the

coordinate .

13524
 Now, let’s unlock the
following terms by
arranging the jumbled
letters.

X-NTRPTCEIE
X-INTERCEPT

It is the point wherein the graph touches the x–axis.

The x-intercept is usually denoted by the

coordinate .

13425 Note: Quadratic functions can have 2, 1 or 0 x-

intercept.
 Now, let’s unlock the
following terms by
arranging the jumbled
letters.

IAODMN
DOMAIN

It refers to the set of all allowable values of x.

To determine the domain of the quadratic function, look for the left and
right-most x-values on the graph

21534 Note: The domain of every quadratic function is the set of all real
numbers.
 Now, let’s unlock the
following terms by
arranging the jumbled
letters.

RANGE
RNGAE

It refers to the set of output values when all x-values in the domain
are evaluated into the function.

To determine the range of the quadratic function, look

12534 for the lower and upper-most y-values on the graph.
 Graphing a Quadratic Function

Step 1: Determine the opening of the graph.

Step 2: Determine the axis of symmetry.
Step 3: Determine the vertex (h, k).
Step 4: Determine the y–intercept.
Step 5: Determine the x-intercept.
Step 6: Determine extra point.
Step 7: Plot the points and trace the graph.
Step 8: Identify the maximum/minimum value, domain and range.
 Example 1:
Graph the function:.

Step 1: Determine the opening of the graph.

𝒂=𝟏
SUMMARY TABLE
𝒖𝒑𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒅 Opening
is positive upward
Axis of Symmetry 𝑥 =2
Vertex
Step 2: Determine the axis of symmetry.
y-intercept
x-intercept
𝒙 =𝒉 Min/Max Value
𝒃 (−𝟒) −𝟒 Domain
𝒙 =− ¿−
𝟐 𝒂 𝟐(𝟏)
¿−
𝟐
¿ ¿𝟐
−(−𝟐)
Range
Step 3: Determine the vertex (h, k).
𝒉=𝟐
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒌
𝟐
𝟒 𝒂𝒄 − 𝒃 𝟒(𝟏)( 𝟑) −(−𝟒)𝟐 𝟏𝟐 −𝟏𝟔
𝒌= ¿ ¿
𝟒𝒂 𝟒(𝟏) 𝟒
−𝟒
¿
𝟒¿ −𝟏 SUMMARY TABLE
( 𝟐 , − 𝟏) Opening upward
Axis of Symmetry
Step 4: Determine the y–intercept. Vertex ( 2 , −1)
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝒙=𝟎 y-intercept ( 0 ,3 )
𝟐 x-intercept
( )
𝒇 𝒙 =𝒙 −𝟒 𝒙 +𝟑
𝟐 Min/Max Value
¿ ( 𝟎 ) −𝟒 (𝟎)+𝟑 Domain
¿𝟑 Range
Step 5: Determine the x-intercept.
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝒚=𝟎
𝟐
𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙 −𝟒 𝒙 +𝟑
𝟐
𝟎=𝒙 −𝟒 𝒙 +𝟑
𝟎=( 𝒙 − 𝟑 )( 𝒙 −𝟏 )
( 𝒙 − 𝟑 )=𝟎 ( 𝒙 − 𝟏 )=𝟎
𝒙 =𝟑( 𝟑 , 𝟎 ) 𝒙 =𝟏( 𝟏 , 𝟎 ) SUMMARY TABLE
Opening upward
Step 6: Determine extra point. Axis of Symmetry
Vertex
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝒙=𝟒 y-intercept
𝟐
( )
𝒇 𝒙 =𝒙 −𝟒 𝒙 +𝟑 x-intercept ( 3 , 0 ) ,(1 , 0)
¿ ( 𝟒 )𝟐 −𝟒 (𝟒)+𝟑 Min/Max Value
Domain
¿ 𝟏𝟔 − 𝟏𝟔+𝟑 Range
¿𝟑
Step 7: Plot the points and trace the graph.
0 1 2 3 4
3 0 0 3

(𝟎 , 𝟑 )
(𝟑 , 𝟒 )

SUMMARY TABLE
Opening upward
(𝟏 , 𝟎 )(𝟑 , 𝟎 ) Axis of Symmetry
(𝟐 , − 𝟏) Vertex
y-intercept
x-intercept
𝒙 =𝟐 Min/Max Value

ℝ
Min.
Domain
Step 8: Identify the maximum/minimum value, Range
¿
domain and range.
 Example 2:
Graph the function:.

Step 1: Determine the opening of the graph.

𝒂=−𝟏
SUMMARY TABLE
𝒅𝒐𝒘𝒏𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒅 Opening
is negative downward
Axis of Symmetry 𝑥 =− 1
Vertex
Step 2: Determine the axis of symmetry.
y-intercept
x-intercept
𝒙 =𝒉 Min/Max Value
𝒃 (−𝟐) −𝟐 Domain
𝒙 =− ¿− ¿− ¿ ¿ −𝟏
−(𝟏)
𝟐 𝒂 𝟐(− 𝟏) −𝟐 Range
Step 3: Determine the vertex (h, k).
𝒉=−𝟏
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒌
𝟐
𝟒 𝒂𝒄 − 𝒃 𝟒(− 𝟏)(−𝟏) −( −𝟐)𝟐 𝟒 −𝟒
𝒌= ¿ ¿
𝟒𝒂 𝟒(− 𝟏) −𝟒
𝟎
−¿𝟒𝟎
¿ SUMMARY TABLE
( − 𝟏 , 𝟎) Opening downward
Axis of Symmetry
Step 4: Determine the y–intercept. Vertex (− 1 , 0 )
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝒙=𝟎 y-intercept (0 , − 1)
𝟐 x-intercept
( )
𝒇 𝒙 =−𝟏 −𝟐 𝒙 − 𝒙
𝟐 Min/Max Value
¿ −𝟏 − 𝟐 ( 𝟎 ) − ( 𝟎 ) Domain
¿ −𝟏 Range
Step 5: Determine the x-intercept.
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝒚=𝟎
𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =−𝟏 −𝟐 𝒙 − 𝒙
𝟐 ( 𝒙 +𝟏 )=𝟎
𝟐 𝒙=− 𝟏
( −𝟏 , 𝟎 )
𝟎=−𝟏 −𝟐 𝒙 − 𝒙
𝟐
𝟎=𝒙 +𝟐 𝒙 +𝟏
𝟎=( 𝒙 +𝟏 ) ( 𝒙+𝟏 )
SUMMARY TABLE
Opening downward
Step 6: Determine extra point. Axis of Symmetry
Vertex
y-intercept
x-intercept
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝒙=−𝟑 𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝒙=𝟏 (− 1 , 0 )
𝟐 Min/Max Value
( )
𝒇 𝒙 =−𝟏 −𝟐 𝒙 − 𝒙 𝟐
𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =−𝟏 −𝟐 𝒙 − 𝒙
𝟐 𝟐 Domain
¿ −𝟏 − 𝟐 ( − 𝟑 ) − ( −𝟑 ) ¿ −𝟏 − 𝟐 ( 𝟏 ) − (𝟏 )
¿ −𝟏 +𝟔 − ( 𝟗 ) ¿ −𝟏 − 𝟐− ( 𝟏 ) Range
¿𝟒 ¿−𝟒
Step 7: Plot the points and trace the graph.

𝒙 =− 𝟏

SUMMARY TABLE
(− 𝟏 ,𝟎) Opening downward
Axis of Symmetry
(−𝟐 ,−𝟏) (𝟎 , − 𝟏)
Vertex
y-intercept
(−𝟑 ,− 𝟒) (𝟏 , − 𝟒) x-intercept
Min/Max Value

ℝ
Max.
Domain
Step 8: Identify the maximum/minimum value, Range
¿
domain and range.
Let’s Wrap it
Up!

TO GRAPH A QUADRATIC FUNCTION

• Find the axis of symmetry and the vertex with the
formula
and .
• Compute for the x-intercept by letting and y-
intercept by letting .
• Determine extra point/s if necessary.
• Plot the points and connect them by a smooth curve.
 Activity Time!

Answer “What’s More – Try These!” on Week 8 – Lesson 1:

Graph of a Quadratic Function page 25.
 Time to Surf!

For further readings, video lessons, or exercises on this topic, you

may visit the following sites:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3a7UbMJpeIM&pbjreload
=10
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H46QVUdbBn0
 References

• Abramson, J. (2019, January 9). LibreTexts. Retrieved from MindTouch:

https://math.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Algebra/Map%3A_College_Algebra_(OpenStax)/
05%3A_Polynomial_and_Rational_Functions/5.02%3A_Quadratic_Functions
• Bryant, M. L., Bulalayao, L. E., Callanta, M. M., Cruz, J. D., De Vera, R. F., Garcia, G. T., . . . Saladino, R.
A. (2014). Mathematics Grade 9 Learner's Material. Pasig City: Deparment of Education.
• Varsity Tutors. (2020). Retrieved from
https://www.varsitytutors.com/hotmath/hotmath_help/topics/graphing-quadratic-equations-using-
transformations
• Villaluna, T. T., & Van Zandt, G. L. (2009). Hands-On, Minds-On Activities in Mathematics IV (Advanced
Algebra, Trigonometry & Statistics). St. Jude Thaddeus Publications.