OBJECTIVES

By the end of this lesson, student will be able to;

 Identity the vital components of the system

unit.
 Mention at least three components found on
the front side of the system unit.
 Differences between parallel port and serial
port.
• Describe the categories computer hardware
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 CATEGORIES OF HARDWARE

Hardware falls into four main categories base on the functions of the
components.
  Input devices

  Output devices
  Storage devices
  processing devices
 Communication devices

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 Computer Hardware
FRONT VIEW

From the front side of the system unit appears the power
on switch or button, power switch light indicator, compact
disk read only memory (CD ROM) drive(s) and the floppy
disk drive. Some system unit also show universal serial bus
(USB) ports, audio jack, zip disk drive and restart button
at the front.

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 Computer Hardware
FRONT VIEW

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 Computer Hardware

Back view
Most of the connectors or plugs for the input and output
devices are found at the back of the system unit. Most of
the connectors are ports. Ports are sockets which are used
to attach hardware to the system unit. There are two types
of ports – serial port and parallel port.

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 Computer Hardware

Back view

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 Computer Hardware

Back view

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 Computer Hardware(inside the system unit)

Inside the system

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 S.NO Serial Port Parallel Port
1. Serial port is used to achieve While parallel port is used to
serial transmission. achieve parallel transmission.
2. Difference between
The transmission speed parallel and
of serial While serialspeed
transmission portof
port is comparatively low as parallel port is higher than serial
compared to parallel port port transmission speed.
transmission speed.

3. In serial port communication less While in parallel port

number of wires are used. communication more number of
wires are used as compared to
serial port.

4. A serial port is capable of While a parallel port is capable

delivering the single stream of of delivering multiple streams of
data. data.
5. Serial ports are typically Parallel ports are typically
implemented in modems, implemented in zip-drives,
connecting devices, security printers, hard drives, CD-ROM
cameras and controllers. drives, etc.

6. Serial port send a bit after While parallel ports send

another byte at a time. multiple bits at once.

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 INPUT DEVICES

input devices are devices which allow the computer

user to enter data into the computer. In other words
they convert the user command into digital form (0s
ans 1s) which the computer understands

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 EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES

Keyboard light pen barcode reader digital pen stylus

Mouse
Touchpad
Scanner
Digital Camera
Microphone
Joystick
Graphic Tablet
Touch Screen
Webcam

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 EXAMPLES OF POINTING DEVICES

Common pointing devices

Mouse.
Trackball.
Joystick.
Pointing stick.
Wii Remote.
Finger tracking.
Graphics table

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 OUPUT DEVICES

An output device is any hardware device used to

send data from a computer to another device or
user.

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 EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES

Monitor plotter
Printer
Headphones
Computer Speakers
Projector
GPS
Sound Card
Video Card
Braille Reader
Speech-Generating Device

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 STORAGE DEVICES

These are devices that are used to keep record of data and
information. Storage or mass storage refers to various
techniques and devices for storing large amounts of data.
Mass storage devices include all types of disk drives and
tape drives. Mass storage is different from memory, which
refers to temporary storage areas within the computer.
Unlike RAM memory, mass storage devices retain data
even
lawrence
when the computer is turned off.
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 Examples of Storage devices

Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

Solid State Drive
Random Access Memory (RAM)
CD, DVD and Blu-Ray Discs
DVD-RAM
ROM
USB Flash Memory
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 PROCESSING DEVICES

A processing device is any hardware inside a

computer that interprets and manipulates incoming data

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 PROCESSING DEVICES

Bluetooth adapter
CPU (central processing unit)s
GPU (graphics processing unit)
Network card
RAM (random-access memory)
Sound card
Video card
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 Main processing device(processor or CPU)

COMPONENTS OF A CPU
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): ALU performs arithmetic and logic
operations. ALUs are capable of calculating the results of a wide
variety of basic arithmetical computations. The ALU can perform
4- kinds of arithmetic operations (mathematical operations) that
is addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. The ALU
also performs logical operations such as Equal-to (=) 37
conditions, Less-than () conditions, which is usually a
comparison of letters, numbers or special characters.
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 Main processing device(processor or CPU)

COMPONENTS OF A CPU
Control Unit (CU): CU extracts instructions from memory,
decodes, and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary.
Control Unit controls the fetching (from memory) and execution
of instructions by directing the coordinated operations of the
ALU, registers and other components.

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 Main processing device(processor or CPU)

COMPONENTS OF A CPU
Register: Registers are temporary storage areas for
instructions or data. They are not a part of memory;
rather they are special additional storage locations that
offer the advantage of speed. Registers work under the
direction of the CU to accept, hold, and transfer
instructions or data

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