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Lecture 3

This document discusses various geometric transformations of shapes including: 1) The addition, subtraction, interpenetration, multiplication, and division of planes which can combine shapes in overlapping or intersecting ways. 2) Varying the size of planes by enlarging or placing smaller shapes within larger ones. 3) Exploring symmetry by creating mirror images around an axis, and asymmetry by shifting or varying symmetrical shapes. 4) Developing variations of shapes both internally by changing empty or solid areas, and externally by modifying corners, edges, borders, or layers. 5) Extending shapes through frames, backgrounds, or additional concentric layers.

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Bereket Araya
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11 views

Lecture 3

This document discusses various geometric transformations of shapes including: 1) The addition, subtraction, interpenetration, multiplication, and division of planes which can combine shapes in overlapping or intersecting ways. 2) Varying the size of planes by enlarging or placing smaller shapes within larger ones. 3) Exploring symmetry by creating mirror images around an axis, and asymmetry by shifting or varying symmetrical shapes. 4) Developing variations of shapes both internally by changing empty or solid areas, and externally by modifying corners, edges, borders, or layers. 5) Extending shapes through frames, backgrounds, or additional concentric layers.

Uploaded by

Bereket Araya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transformations of

Geometric Shape
The Addition of Planes
• Two planes can be combined, or
added,
• Planes might overlap or intersect
with other planes, while the shape of
an individual plane maintains its
separate identity.
• Shapes thus created are less seen as
singular form, but more as plural or
compound forms.
• Two planes that have been combined
might have some common edges,
which result in a shape without easily
discernible components.
The Subtraction of Planes
• When a negative plane overlaps a
positive plane, space appears to
have been subtracted from the
positive plane.
• The resulting shape shows a
missing portion where the
negative plane merges with the
background.
• A smaller negative plane can be
completely contained within a
larger positive plane.
The Interpenetration of Planes
• Two planes can create a
transparent effect by
forming a negative shape
within an overlapped area.
• Negative spaces might
become positive when
overlapped within a design
that includes the
interpenetration of more
than two planes.
The Multiplication of Planes

• The same plane can be multiplied, or used repeatedly


without change in shape or size.
• A plane that is multiplied can produce separate planes,
planes that touch, planes that are joined, planes that
overlap, planes that interpenetrate, planes that
combine positive and negative shapes.
The Division of Planes
• A plane can be divided into equal or unequal parts.
• Negative lines can be introduced with gaps between
dissected shapes.
• The slight displacement of dissected shapes can lead
to interesting effects, but the original shape of the
plane must remain recognizable.
• Dissected Shapes can touch, join, overlap, or interpenetrate.
Varying the Size of Planes
• A plane can be enlarged gradually, or dilated.
• Smaller planes can then be placed within larger planes
concentrically, or with slight variations in the direction or
position of elements.
• Alternate positive and negative shapes might be overlapped.
Symmetry

• Symmetrical shapes are regular


shapes whose left and right
halves are mirror images.
• An invisible straight line, an
axis, divides the shape equally.
• A symmetrical shape can be
positioned horizontally or on a
slant.
Asymmetry

• Slight deviation can be introduced in a symmetrical


shape by shifting the two halves out of alignment, by
overlapping the halves, or by adding some variation to
one of the halves.
Variations of a Shape

• A form whether abstract or representational, geometric, can


be developed into different configurations.
• The designer can thus examine all possible variations before
deciding on one.
Internal variation
• One way to change the shape of a form is to change the
internal area from a solid plane to an empty space.
• The form might have a fine or a bold outline.
• The form can be split into two or more stripes, covered with a
texture or pattern, layered, or given other details.
External variation

• The two basic ways to vary a


form externally are with corner
and edge variations.
• Sometimes internal variations
lead to external variations, or
vice-versa.
• The combined external-
internal variations can
establish interesting results.
Extension

• A form can be extended with a


border or concentric layers.
• Creating a frame of certain
shape, adding a shape to serve
as background, or introducing
subsequent layers can also be
used as extensions.
Superimposition

• Other forms can be


superimposed on a given
form without obliterating
its general shape.
Dislocation

• A form can be dissected or


broken into two or more
parts and then dislocated.
Design Exercise one:
Creation of pattern by Primary shapes

 interpret the list of words below by just


using one shape.
 could change the size and scale of the
shape but had to use either a circle,
square and triangle
Harmony,
Chaos,
Loud,
Order,
Heavy and
Dynamic
End!

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