CE 388

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN & GRAPHICS

Lecture-1
 CE388 Computer Aided Civil
Engineering Design & Graphics
CREDIT HOURS: Theory =1
Practical =2
Total =3

PREREQUISITE: ME-109 Civil Engineering Drawing

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To achieve proficiency in use of Computer Aided-Design (CAD) tools
specially AutoCAD.
• To create and interpret typical civil engineering drawings using CAD
tools.
 PLOs to be achieved
The course is designed so that students will achieve the followong
PLOs:
1 Engineering Knowledge: ☐ 7 Environment and ☐
Sustainability:
2 Problem Analysis: ☐ 8 Ethics: ☐
3 Design/Development of ☐ 9 Individual and Team ☐
Solutions: Work:
4 Investigation: ☐ 10 Communication:

5 Modern Tool Usage: 11 Project Management: ☐

6 The Engineer and Society: ☐ 12 Lifelong Learning: ☐

 COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES
Upon successful completion of the course, the student will
demonstrate competency by being able to:

S.N Outcomes Domain Level of PLO

o Learnin
g
1. Comprehend basic components of Cognitive
civil engineering drawings. 2 -
2. Demonstrate proficiency in use of Psychom
AutoCAD. 4 5
otor
3. Produce and interpret typical civil Psychom
engineering drawings using CAD otor 4 10
tools.
 SYLLABUS
S. Topic
No
1. Basic Concept of AutoCAD
Drawing Setup procedure
a.

b.Basic Commands including texts, layering and defining styles

2. Architectural Drawings of a Building

a.Plan of a building
b.Elevations
c.Cross section and detailing
3. Structural Drawing of a building
a.Reinforced Cement Concrete g. Classification of Beams
b.Anchorage and splicing in bars h. R.C.C. Slab
c.Cover for reinforcement i. One way, Two way and Continuous
d.Spacing of bars Slab
e.Stirrups j. R.C.C Columns
f.R.C.C Beams h. Reinforcement in Column
 SYLLABUS
S. Topic
No
4. Stair and Stair Case
a.Components of Stairs b. Classification of Stairs
c. Material of Stairs
d. Water tank

5. Misc Drawings of a Building

a. Introduction to symbols for plumbing water supply, sewerage and electrification.
b. Plumbing water supply
c. Water Distribution system in a building
d. Sewerage plan
e. Electrification plan
6. Civil Engineering drawings (AutoCAD)
General description of drawing related to civil engineering projects, e.g. hydraulic
structures, drainage structures, highway and motorway drawings.
Basic Concepts of Autodesk Revit
6. Semester Project
 COURSE GUIDELINES
• Practical and tutorial periods will be used to prepare AutoCAD
assignments under supervision. Students would be in possession of
the computers, and they are expected to use these computers with
responsibility.

• Class assignment should be completed during stipulated periods in

computer lab. The students, who miss classes for genuine reasons,
will be responsible to makeup the deficiency and complete the
class assignments, after the consent of the instructor (PRIOR
NOTICE!).

• Class assignment will be marked and count towards earning of

final grade. Students are advised to ensure timely submission.
 COURSE GUIDELINES
• Assignments will be graded based on concept, presentation, work
done during stipulated periods and timely submission.

• Submission date and time will be announced in the class. Delayed

submission are not accepted.
 Class Rules
• Attendance will be called once. Be attentive!
• You are not allowed to visit irrelevant websites such as Facebook,
Gmail etc. during lab.
• The use of mobile phone is not allowed.
• No makeup quiz/rubrics will be given.
• Don’t get late in class, create disturbance or leave the class
without permission.
• Excuses such as reporting sick, leave or preparation for test or
assignment of any other subject etc. for not submitting the
assignment in time are not acceptable.
• Remember that you are here to learn not copy.
• Penalty will be imposed on students which showed carelessness in
observing rules.
 Submission

• LMS/USB will be used to collect soft copy on the

same day.

• Submit hard copy next day to respective CR.

Individual submissions will not be accepted.
• Text book
– Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to
AutoCAD by Dhananjay A Jolhe
– Civil Engineering Drawing by J.S. Layal
• Handouts and Class notes
• Reference books
– Basics of Engineering Drawing by Zahid, Ashraf &
Siddiqui
– Elementary Engineering drawing by N.D. Bhatt
 GRADING

Lecture Lab
Assignments 10% Attendance 10%
Quiz 10% Labs / Rubrics 30%
OHTs 30% Projects 20%
ESE 50% Lab Exam 30%
INTRODUCTION
TO
AUTOCAD
 Introduction to CAD
• Computer Aided Design and Drafting (also known as CADD)
• Use of computers in design and drawing processes
• Traditionally, technical drawing were made using manual
drafting. It is often require a lot of effort and it is time
consuming particularly for large complex drawings.
• CAD is being used widely in modern practice. The ability of
computer that enable engineers to produce, revise, store and
transmit original drawings, has made CAD very important.
• Example of CAD software:
– AutoCAD, PRO/Engineer, IDEAS, UNIGRAPHICS,
CATIA, Solid Works, etc.
CAD offers the following advantages:

• Accuracy
• Speed
• Easy editing
• Space effectiveness
• Standard libraries
• Scaling
• Better visualization
• Freedom from using drawing instruments
 NOTE
It should be noted that the CAD system does not
possess intelligence to construct a drawing by
itself. The users need to acquire skill and
expertise in using CAD software to avail the
advantages mentioned above.
AutoCAD Interface
Auto CAD WINDOW

Sheet set Manager

Tool Palettes
 Pull-down Menus’

Draw Toolbar
Object
Properties
Toolbar
Standard
Crosshairs Toolbar
Pick Box Graphics Window /
Model tab Drawing Area
Layout tab
Command Line Modify Toolbar
Cursor Coordinate Display

Status bar
 Auto CAD WINDOW
The main parts of the Auto CAD window are
explained:
• Menu bar
Contains the default Auto CAD pull down
menus: File, Edit, View, Insert, Format, Tools,
Draw, Dimension, Modify, Express, Windows,
Help
 Auto CAD WINDOW
• Standard toolbar
Contains standard and frequently used icons
such as Cut, Copy, Paste, Match Properties,
Zoom, Pan etc.

Standard Tools
 Auto CAD WINDOW
• Draw toolbar
Contains common draw commands: Line,
Polyline, Polygon, Rectangle, Arc, Circle, Spline,
Ellipse, Hatch, Multiline Text, etc.
 Auto CAD WINDOW
• Modify toolbar
Contains common modify commands: Erase,
Copy, Mirror, Offset, Array, Move, Rotate,
Scale, Trim, Extend, Break, Chamfer, Fillet,
Explode, etc.
 Auto CAD WINDOW
• Properties toolbar
Set object properties such as Colour, Linetype
and Lineweight.
 Auto CAD WINDOW
• Drawing area
The space (called Model Space) on the screen
used to compose/ edit drawing. It shows a
floating crosshair cursor and a user coordinate
system (UCS) icon at the lower left corner. By
default, the color of the model space is black.
 Auto CAD WINDOW
• Layer toolbar
Used to make new layer, switch between layers
and change layer properties.
 Auto CAD WINDOW
• Crosshairs cursor

Helps to input points. The cursor is the

‘crosshair’ during draw commands. It changes
to a square block (called pick box) during
modify commands (i.e., object selection
mode). The crosshair movement is controlled
by pointing devices (e.g., mouse).
 Auto CAD WINDOW
• UCS icon shows the orientation of the X-axis and
Y-axis for 2D drawing. The Z-axis is
perpendicular to XY plane.
• Model tab/ Helps switching between Model
Space and Paper Space. In Model Space,
• Layout tab the drawing is drawn to 1:1
scale. In Paper Space, the drawing scale can be
changed to fit on the paper of required size.
Layout tabs are used for plotting and printing.
 Auto CAD WINDOW
• Command Window Provides the history of
commands. The window can be increased or
decreased in size. Auto CAD Text Window, showing
history of commands, appears when function key F2 is
activated.
• Command line Provides the interface between the
user and the software. It helps entering commands,
options, point inputs, etc. it also displays messages.
• Status bar Contains buttons like SNAP, GRID,
ORTHO, POLAR, OSNAP, OTRACK, DUCS, DYN, LWT
and MODEL. It also displays the cursor coordinates in
the lower left corner.
Function key Use Button on Status
Bar
F1 Help
F2 Auto Cad Text Window(Command History)

F3 OSNAP ON/OFF OSNAP

F6 Dynamic UCS ON/OFF DUCS
F7 Grid ON/OFF GRID
F8 Ortho ON/OFF ORTHO
F9 Snap ON/OFF SNAP
F10 Polar ON/OFF POLAR
F11 Object Snap Tracking (OTRACK) ON/OFF OTRACK

F12 Dynamic Input ON/OFF DYN

To make line weight visible LWT
To switch between Model and Paper Space MODEL (PAPER)

Coordinates ON/OFF COORDINATE (left

end of status bar)
 How to give a command?
The commands can be given in one of the
following ways:
1. Choose the commands icon on a Toolbar.
2.Type the command in Command line.
3. Type the command near the Crosshair (Dynamic
input).
 How to give a command?
• When you enter a command in the command
line, you need to press ENTER or space bar
key to activate the command.
• Dynamic input works when DYN button on
the Status bar is active. A shortcut menu is
displayed when you right –click in the drawing
area before entering any command.
• Whichever the way you give the command,
the command appears in the command line.
 How to give a command?
• Most of the commands are terminated by pressing
ENTER. A few commands are self-termination.
Pressing ENTER after termination of a command will
reactivate it. You may use UP. DOWN keys to scroll
through commands and or point inputs used.
• Many commands have options in them. The options
are enclosed in [ ]. To make a particular option active,
simply enter capital letter(s) in that option in the
Command line. The default value(s) or active option is
enclosed in < >. Press ENTER to accept default values
or active option.
AutoCAD – Let’s begin
 Starting AutoCAD
• Model Space – Infinite space
• Paper Space – Actual scale on paper
• Application menu button
– New, open, save, drawing utilities etc.

• Quick access toolbar

• Ribbon (home tab, insert, annotate tab)
 Setting Up Drawing Environment
• Drawing units: Indicate metric unit in pop up window at
start up
 Format / Units…

Preparing a template
Command: un
- Decimal units
- Precision: 0.00
• Limits
 Format / Drawing Limits
Command: limit
In command area,
Lower left corner: 0,0
Upper right corner: 200,200 (example: 20x20 cm)

Viewing
View / Zoom… or select icons (zoom all) or (zoom
window)
View / Toolbar… : select frequent operations
 View / Regenerate/ Redraw: to clear the clicked points
 Setting Up Drawing Environment
• UCS
• Navigation
• Change settings? (color, cross hair size
etc.)
• Open multiple dwgs?
• Selection in model space
– Left to right (only within blue area)
– Right to left (all selected)
 Input using command line
1. Absolute coordinate system (#)
– Cartesian (#X,Y)
2. Relative coordinate system (@) – default
– Cartesian (X,Y)
3. Polar coordinate system (<)
– Length of segment, angle
4. Direct entry
 AutoCAD Basic Aids
1. Snap – object snapping, restricting selection in model
space…edit (F9)
2. Grid – Display and edit (F7)
3. Ortho – drawing either vertical or horizontal lines (F8)
4. Polar tracking – drawing at angles (F10)
5. Object snap – snapping points in an object, center,
midpoint etc (F3)
6. Object snap tracking – mode for horizontal and
vertical paths aligned with a specific point (F11)
7. Dynamic input (F12)
 Basic Commands
Draw Toolbar:
– Command: line: l
 Select icon or type line
• click the starting point and ending point on the
graphic area or
• type coordinates of these points
• Give direct distance in the command window or
crosshair

– Command: Text : mtext

• Would be able to modify the properties of text. Like
height, font etc.
 Basic Commands

– Polyline <Pline> enter – single entity

– Circle - <c> enter
– Arc - <arc> enter
– Rectangle - <rec> enter
– Polygon - <pol> enter
– Hatch - <hat> enter
– Dimension - <d> enter
 Basic Operations
Modify Toolbar:
• Move : <m> enter
• Copy: <co> enter
• Stretch: <str> enter
• Rotate: <ro> enter
• Mirror: <mi> enter
• Scale: <sc> enter
• Trim: <tr> enter, select the point from where you want to trim, then
select object for trimming
• Extend: <ex> enter, select the point from where you want to extend,
then select object for trimming
• Fillet: <f> enter, <r> enter
• Chamfer: <cha> enter, <d> enter distance, enter
• Array: <ar> enter
• Erase: <e > enter
• Offset : <o> enter, specify distance, enter
• Explode: <x> enter
 DIMENSIONING
• There are several different types of dimensions
• Linear dimensions are used for dimensioning either
horizontal or vertical distances.
• Aligned dimensions will measure the actual length of an
angled line.
• Radius dimensions will give you the radius of either arcs or
circles.
• Diameter dimensions are used on circles.
• Angular dimensions will measure the angle between two
lines that you pick.
 SUMMARY

• An Introduction to AutoCAD
• Basic Commands
• Zoom & Pan
• Defining Limits and Grids
• Polylines and Draw Commands
• Text & Hatching
 In class exercise

• Kindly practice the commands by drawing the figures provided.