UNIT-2

Virtualization
 Contents
⮚ Cloud enabling technologies
⮚ Virtualization
⮚Types of Virtualization
⮚Server Virtualization
⮚ Desktop Virtualisation
⮚Memory Virtualization
⮚Application Virtualization
⮚Storage Virtualization
⮚Virtualization Tools
 Cloud Enabling Technologies
The cloud enabling technologies are :
1.Virtualization
2.Service Oriented Architecture(SOA)
3.Grid Computing
4.Utility Computing
 Service Oriented Architecture
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) allows organizations to access on-demand
cloud-based computing solutions according to the change of business needs.

There are the following applications of Service-Oriented Architecture -

○ It is used in the healthcare industry.

○ It is used to create many mobile applications and games.
○ In the air force, SOA infrastructure is used to deploy situational awareness
systems.
 Grid Computing
➢ Grid computing is also known as distributed computing. It is a processor
architecture that combines various different computing resources from multiple
locations to achieve a common goal.
➢ In grid computing, the grid is connected by parallel nodes to form a computer
cluster. These computer clusters are in different sizes and can run on any operating
system.
 Utility Computing
➢ Utility computing is the most trending IT service model. It
provides on-demand computing resources (computation,
storage, and programming services via API) and
infrastructure based on the pay per use method
➢ Large organizations such as Google and Amazon established
their own utility services for computing storage and
application.
➢ The advantage of utility computing is that it reduced the IT
cost, provides greater flexibility, and easier to manage.
 Understanding The Virtualization
⮚ Virtualization is the "creation of a virtual (rather than actual)
version of something, such as a server, a desktop, a storage
device, an operating system or network resources"..

⮚ Virtualization makes it possible to create a virtual

representation of anything, which may include computer
resources, a virtual computer hardware platform, or storage
devices.

⮚ Virtualization is a technique, which allows to share a single

physical instance of a resource or an application among
multiple customers and organizations.
 Virtualization
⮚ Virtualization is a technology that allows creating an abstraction (a
virtual version) of computer resources, such as hardware
architecture, operating system, storage, network, etc. With this
abstraction, for example, a single machine can act like many
machines working independently.

⮚ The usual goal of virtualization is to centralize administrative tasks

while improving scalability and workloads.

⮚ It is not a new concept or technology in computer sciences. Virtual

machine concept was in existence since 1960s when it was first
developed by IBM to provide concurrent, interactive access to a
mainframe computer
Benefits of Virtualization
 Types of Virtualization

➢Hardware Virtualization
➢Operating System Virtualization
➢Server Virtualization
➢Storage Virtualization
 Types of Virtualization
1. Hardware Virtualization:
When the virtual machine software or virtual machine
manager (VMM) is directly installed on the hardware system
is known as hardware virtualization. the main job is to control
and monitoring the processor, memory and other hardware
resources.
Usage: Hardware virtualization is mainly done for the
server platforms.
2. Operating System Virtualization:
Virtual machine manager (VMM) is installed on the Host
operating system instead of directly on the hardware system is
known as operating system virtualization
Usage: used for testing the applications on different platforms
of OS.
 Types of Virtualization
3. Server Virtualization:
When the virtual machine software or virtual machine
manager (VMM) is directly installed on the Server system is
known as server virtualization.
Usage: Server virtualization is done because a single physical
server can be divided into multiple servers on the demand
basis and for balancing the load.
4. Storage Virtualization:
Storage virtualization is the process of grouping the physical
storage from multiple network storage devices so that it looks like
a single storage device.
Usage: Storage virtualization is mainly done for back-up and
recovery purposes
 Server Virtualization
Server Virtualization is the process of dividing a physical server
into several virtual servers, called virtual private servers.
 Types of Server Virtualization
1.Hypervisor:
➢ Hypervisor plays an important role. It is a layer between the
operating system (OS) and hardware.
➢ It provides the necessary services and features for the smooth
running of multiple operating systems.
➢ It identifies traps, responds to privileged CPU instructions,
and handles queuing, dispatching, and returning the hardware
requests.
➢ The Hypervisor is mainly used to perform various tasks such
as allocate Physical hardware(CPU,RAM) to several smaller
independent virtual machines called guest on the host
machine.
➢ There are 2 types of Hypervisor.
1. Type 1 hypervisor
2. Type 2 hypervisor
1. Hypervisor
1. Hypervisor
 2. Full Virtualization
➢ Full Virtualization uses a hypervisor to directly communicate
with the CPU and physical server.
➢ It provides the best isolation and security mechanism to the
virtual machines.
➢ The biggest disadvantage of using hypervisor in full
virtualization is that a hypervisor has its own processing
needs, so it can slow down the application and server
performance.
➢ VMWare ESX server is the best example of full
virtualization.
➢ Advantages: • No modification to the Guest operating system
is required.
➢ Limitations: • Complex • Slower due to emulation •
Installation of the new device driver is difficult.
2. Full Virtualization
 3.Para Virtualization
➢ Para Virtualization is quite similar to the Full Virtualization.
➢ The advantage of using this virtualization is that it is easier to
use, Enhanced performance, and does not require
emulation overhead..
➢ Xen primarily and UML use the Para Virtualization.
➢ The difference between full and pare virtualization is that, in
para virtualization hypervisor does not need too much
processing power to manage the OS.
➢ Advantages: • Easier • Enhanced Performance • No
emulation overhead
➢ Limitations: • Requires modification to a guest operating
system
3.Para Virtualization
 Operating System Virtualization
➢ Operating system virtualization is also called as system-lever
virtualization.
➢ It is a server virtualization technology that divides one
operating system into multiple isolated user-space called
virtual environments.
➢ The biggest advantage of using server visualization is that it
reduces the use of physical space, so it will save money
➢ Linux OS Virtualization and Windows OS Virtualization
are the types of Operating System virtualization
5.Hardware Assisted Virtualization
➢ It is similar to Full Virtualization and Paravirtualization in
terms of operation except that it requires hardware support
➢ Hardware Assisted Virtualization was presented by AMD
and Intel.
➢ It is also known as Hardware virtualization, AMD
virtualization, and Intel virtualization.
➢ It is designed to increase the performance of the processor.
➢ The advantage of using Hardware Assisted Virtualization is
that it requires less hypervisor overhead.
 6. Kernel-Level Virtualization
➢ Instead of using a hypervisor, it runs a separate version of the
Linux kernel and sees the associated virtual machine as a
user-space process on the physical host
➢ It is an open-source virtualization which uses the Linux
kernel as a hypervisor.
➢ This makes it easy to run multiple virtual machines on a
single host.
➢ The advantage of using kernel virtualization is that it does not
require any special administrative software and has very less
overhead.
➢ User Mode Linux (UML) and Kernel-based virtual
machine are some examples of kernel virtualization.
➢ Advantages: • No special administrative software is required.
• Very less overhead
6. Kernel-Level Virtualization
Advantages:

➢ Independent Restart
➢ Low Cost
➢ Disaster Recovery
➢ Faster deployment of resources
➢ Security

Disadvantages:
➢ The biggest disadvantage of server virtualization is that when the server
goes offline, all the websites that are hosted by the server will also go
down.
➢ There is no way to measure the performance of virtualized environments.
➢ It requires a huge amount of RAM consumption.
➢ It is difficult to set up and maintain.
➢ Some core applications and databases are not supported virtualization.
➢ It requires extra hardware resources.
 4. Desktop Virtualization
➢ Replacement of physical traditional desktop
computing environment with virtual computing
environment.
➢ it helps to create and store multiple user desktop
environments on a single host,residing in the
cloud or data center.
➢ major vendors are citrix and VMware Horizon
➢ It allows the user to access their desktop
virtually from any location by a any machine.
➢ Users who want specific OS other than Windows
server will need to have a Virtual Desktop.
4. Desktop Virtualization
Types of Desktop Virtualization
 1. Remote Desktop Services(RDS)
➢ Feature of Microsoft Windows server that gives users a
virtually identical experience.
➢ RDS is also an on-premises desktop virtualization
technology.
➢ RDS does not rely on hardware virtualization, nor does it use
desktop OSes.
➢ It allows a user to remotely connect to a virtual desktop and
access company files and applications.
➢ It supports businesses of all sizes.
➢ RDS is often used where a limited number of applications
need be virtualized, rather than a full Windows, Mac, or
Linux desktop.
➢ Advantages are Data Prevention,tighter security and
efficiently deploy,upgrade and maintain software program
1. Remote Desktop Services(RDS)
1. Remote Desktop Services(RDS)
 2. Virtual Desktop Interface(VDI)
➢ Server hosted Desktop Vertualization
➢ VDI provides desktop environments on a centralized server
and deploys them when users ask for them.
➢ In VDI, virtual machines get servers from hypervisor
segments which in turn host virtual desktops, which are
accessible to users remotely from their devices.
➢ can access them from any location or device, and all
processing is the responsibility of the host server.
➢ A connection broker is a mediator, it helps users to connect
to their desktop instances.
➢ A connection broker is a software-based getaway and it is a
mediator between the server and the user.
2. Virtual Desktop Interface(VDI)
 2. Virtual Desktop Interface(VDI)
There are two types of VDI persistent and non-persistent.

➢ Persistent VDI: With this type of VDI, users connect to the same desktop each
type, personalization of the desktop could be done by users according to their
needs, and changes are saved even after the reset of connection. In simple words,
using desktops in persistent VDI is the same as using a personal physical desktop.
➢ Nonpersistent VDI: As the name itself suggests, it is completely opposite to
persistent VDI, where users are connected to generic desktops and changes they
make are not saved. Persistent VDI is simpler and cheaper, with no need for
customized desktops between sessions. Large organizations use this kind of VDI
with a lot of task workers. This is also helpful to users who are doing limited tasks
repetitively, they don't need a customized desktop.
 3. Daas
➢ Daas means Desktop as a Service.This service is a cloud
computing offering that enables business to deliver cloud -
hosted virtual desktops to any device, from anywhere.
➢ virtual desktops to end-users over the Internet, licensed with a
per-user subscription.
➢ The provider takes care of backend management for small
businesses that find their virtual desktop infrastructure to be
too expensive or resource-consuming.
➢ This management usually includes maintenance, backup,
updates, and data storage.
➢ Cloud service providers can also handle security and
applications for the desktop, or users can manage these
service aspects individually.
3. Daas
 3. Daas
There are two types of desktops available in DaaS

○ Persistent Desktop: Users can customize and save a desktop from looking the
same as each user logs on. Permanent desktops require more storage than non-
permanent desktops, making them more expensive.
○ Non-persistent desktop: The desktop is erased whenever the user logs out-they're
just a way to access shared cloud services. Cloud providers can allow customers
to choose from both, allowing workers with specific needs access to a permanent
desktop and providing access to temporary or occasional workers through a non-
permanent desktop.
 Daas
Benefits
➢ Reduced Downtime for IT Support
➢ Cost savings
➢ Increased device flexibility
➢ Enhanced Security

use cases for DaaS

➢ Users with multiple endpoints
➢ Contract or seasonal workers
➢ Mobile and remote worker
➢ Mergers and acquisition
➢ Educational institutions
➢ Healthcare professionals.
 Memory Virtualization
➢ Memory virtualization allows networked, and therefore
distributed, servers to share a pool of memory to overcome
physical memory limitations, a common bottleneck in
software performance.
➢ applications to take advantage of very large amounts of
memory to improve overall performance, system utilization,
increase memory utilization efficiency, and enable new use
cases
➢ Memory virtualization implementations are distinct from
shared memory systems.
Memory Virtualization
 Memory Virtualization
➢Memory virtualisation involves sharing physical
memory dynamically allocates to guest OS.
➢Virtual page numbers are mapped to physical
page numbers which are mapped on page table.
➢Mapping is managed by OS.
➢Memory Managemnet Unit(MMU) and
Transalation Look a side Buffer(TLB) are there
for optimizing the performance of Virtual
Memory.
➢Mapping of actual machine memory with guest
machine memory is translate by VMM by using
 Memory Virtualization
➢ Shadow page table is a copy of Database,a piece of data keep for frequent
access.
➢ shadow page table need to maintain two page table during transaction.
○ current page table(volatile)
○ shadow page table(non-volatile)
Memory Virtualization
 Memory Virtualization
➢ Memory Virtualization types
○ Application-Level Virtualization: Applications access
the memory pool directly
 Memory Virtualization
➢ Memory Virtualization types
○ Operating system-Level Virtualization: Access to the
memory pool is provided through an Operating System.
 Application Virtualization
➢ It is also called Software Virtualization.
➢ Application Virtualization is the practice of running
software from a remote server.
➢ IT admins can set up remote applications on a server and
deliver the apps to an end user’s computer.
➢ For the user, the experience of the virtualized app is the same
as using the installed app on a physical machine.
➢ Application virtualization is an important part of
digital workspaces and desktop virtualization.
Application Virtualization
 Application Virtualization
➢ There are two forms of application virtualization,
■ Client-side
■ Serverside
➢ Client-side: a protected environment that makes it
possible for applications to be isolated from one another
and from the base operating system.
➢ Server-side: multiple instances of an application can be
automatically started on other machines when service
level guidelines can not be met due to the workload
 Application Virtualization
Deployment models
➢ The most polupar approach is to deploy High Level
Language(HLL) VMs. The virtualization layer acts as an
application program on top of the operating system, and the
layer exports an abstraction of a VM that can run programs
written and compiled to a particular abstract machine
definition.
➢ Other forms of application-level virtualization are known as
application isolation,application sandboxing or
application streaming.
 Benefits of Application
Virtualization
➢ Application installation simplified
➢ Scalability
➢ Security
➢ Multiple run-time environments
➢ Multiple versions of the same application
➢ Application updates easy
➢ Rollback
 Limitations of Application
Virtualization
➢ Not all applications can be virtualized(eg. apps
that require a device driver)
➢ Integration between application and the
operating system can be challenging.
➢ Performance penalty of application virtualization
solution
➢ Vendors that won’t support apps that have been
virtualized,sequenced,repackaged.
➢ Troubleshooting is different to deployed
applications and can be challenging.
 Storage Virtualization
➢ Separation of the storage into the physical implementation level
and the Logical representation level for use by OS,applications
and users.
➢ Add an additional layer between storage devices and storage
devices and storage users.
➢ Physical storage is abstracted to logical storage by aggregating
several physical storage units to form one or more logical
unit,Virtual Storage unit.
➢ OS and Applications do not have direct access to the physical
storage devices,they use virtual devices.
➢ Mapping from virtual to physical and vice versa is done using
Virtualization Layer.
Storage Virtualization
 Storage Virtualization
Storage Virtualization in different layers
Storage Virtualization
 Storage Virtualization
➢Storage Virtualization can be divided into 2
types
○ Virtualization on block level
○ Virtualization on file level
Block level means storage is made available to the OS
or Applications in the form of Virtual Disks. These
blocks are managed like blocks of physical storage bya a
file system or database server.
 Storage Virtualization
➢Virtualization entity should
map virtual blocks to physical
blocks.
➢Virtualization can be done
multiple times.Mapping
becomes a bit complex.
 Storage Virtualization

➢File level means virtualization

entity provides virtual storage to the OS and
applications in the form of files
and directories.
➢Conversion of virtual blocks
to files is done by the entity.
Storage Virtualization
Storage Virtualization
Storage Virtualization in Server
Storage Virtualization in Server
Storage Virtualization in Storage
Devices
Storage Virtualization in Storage
Devices
Storage Virtualization in Network
 Virtualization tools for Developers

1. Vagrant
2. Microsoft Hyper-V
3. RedHat Virtualization
4. VMware Workstation
 Virtualization tools for Developers
➢ Vagrant :
an open source virtualization tool which developed by Hashicorp and
written in Ruby, but it can be used in projects written in other programming
languages such as PHP, Python, Java, C#, and JavaScript.
➢ Creates a virtual machine for you based on an operating system of your choice
➢ Modifies the physical properties of this virtual machine (e.g., RAM, number of
CPUs, etc.).
➢ Establishes network interfaces so that you can access your virtual machine from
your own computer, another device on the same network, or even from another
virtual machine.
➢ Sets up shared folders so that you can continue editing files on your own machine
and have those modifications mirror over to the guest machine. • Boots the virtual
machine so that it is running.
➢ Sets the hostname of the machine, since a lot of software depends on this being
properly set.
➢ Provisions software on the machine via a shell script or configuration
management solution such as Chef, Puppet, or a custom solution.
 Virtualization tools for Developers

Microsoft Hyper-V:
Microsoft released Hyper-V in 2016. Hyper-V is virtualization software that,
well, virtualizes software. It can not only virtualize operating systems but also
entire hardware components, such as hard drives and network switches.
Unlike other virtualization tools, Hyper-V is not limited to the user’s device.
You can use it for server virtualization, too.
Features
• Hardware virtualization.
• It can run multiple virtual machines.
• These virtual machines can be used with Azure. Thus, we can say that
Microsoft Hyper-V supports a cloud-based platform
 Virtualization tools for Developers

RedHat Virtualization :
This system was developed by Red Hat Software. It is written in Java. Its
first version was released in June 2010. Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization, or
RHEV, provides a RHEL-based centralized management server with a
webbased interface for managing virtual machines (VMs) called the RHEV
Manager. Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization is based on open standards and
works with Linux and Windows, as well as enterprise applications like SAP,
SAS and Oracle.
Features
• Applications run fast in virtualization as well. Hence in the top features, they
promise improved performance.
• It is an open-source system. So you can make it, to integrate with the
systems as per your requirement.
• It is easy to use, setup and manage
 Virtualization tools for Developers

VMware Workstation:
With the help of this system, you can run multiple OS. This system is for
Linux or Windows OS users. This system is specially developed for IT
professionals and developers. It will help developers to develop the software
to be compatible for multiple OS/platform.
Features
• It supports multiple OS that can be run on Linux or Windows PC.
• This system can work with the cloud. This feature is ‘vSphere
Connectivity’. VMware vSphere is a cloud-based platform for virtualization.
• It will allow you to keep different privacy settings and network
configurations for another PC that is virtual.
• Transferring data to and from the virtual machine to your PC is easier.
• ‘Helpful Snapshot’ feature helps in software testing
Thank You