11th Grade

Precalculus:
Angle Measure,
Special Angles, and Special
Triangles
Table of contents
Angle Measure in Triangles and Its Properties
01 Degrees 02
Finding the Complement and Supplement Properties of Triangles.
of an Angle. Using Similar Triangles to Find
Converting Between Decimal Degrees and
Degrees/Minutes/Seconds.
Heights.

Angle Measure in Converting Between

03 Radians 04 Degrees and Radians
Finding Coterminal Angles. Degrees/radians Conversion Factors.
Arc Length and Area of a Sector.
 “I can accept failure, everyone fails at
something. But I can't accept not trying.”

—Michael Jordan
01
Angle Measure in
Degrees
Definition of Terms
 ANGLE
An angle is the joining of two rays at a common endpoint
called the vertex.

Angles can be named using a single letter at the vertex, the

letters form the rays forming the sides, or by a single
Greek letter
(e.g. alpha , beta , gamma , and theta ).
Graphical Interpretation
B

𝜽
A
C
∠ 𝑨 ∠ 𝑩𝑨𝑪 angle
COMPLEMENTARY ANGLES

𝜷
𝜶
𝜶+ 𝜷=𝟗𝟎 °
SUPPLEMENTARY ANGLES

𝜸 𝜽
𝜽+𝜸 =𝟏𝟖𝟎°
 EXAMPLES
Determine the measure of each angle described.
1. The complement of a angle.
2. The supplement of a angle.
3. The measure of angle in the
figure.
𝜽
𝟑𝟗°
 DRILLS
Determine the measure of each angle described.
1. The complement of a angle.
2. The supplement of a angle.
3. The measure of angle in the
figure.
𝜽 𝟑𝟗°
ACUTE ANGLE

𝜽
𝜽<𝟗𝟎 °
OBTUSE ANGLE

𝜽
𝟗𝟎°<𝜽<𝟏𝟖𝟎°
CONVERSION BETWEEN DECIMAL
DEGREES TO DMS
 EXAMPLES
Convert as indicated.
1. to decimal degrees.

2. to DMS.
 EXAMPLES
Convert as indicated.
1. to decimal degrees.

( ) ( )
1
¿61+° ¿18′ 60 +¿
° 45
1
′′ °
3600
¿61+° ¿0.3°+ ¿0.0125°
¿ 𝟔𝟏.𝟑𝟏𝟐𝟓°
 EXAMPLES
Convert as indicated.
2. to DMS.
¿142°12.45
142°0.2075°(60′ )
¿142°12 0′ .45
′
¿ ′(60′ ′)
¿ 𝟏𝟒𝟐° 𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟕′ ′′
 SEATWORK NO. 1
Answer Developing Your Skills
on pages 11-12,
Nos. 7-26 only.
 02
Triangles and Its
Properties
A triangle is a closed plane figure
with three straight sides and three
angles.
 B

c
a
∆ 𝑨𝑩𝑪
A C
b
 PROPERTIES
TRIANGLE SUM THEOREM
The sum of the angles is .
𝑨+ 𝑩 + 𝑪= 𝟏𝟖𝟎 °
The combined length of any two sides exceeds that of the third side:
TRIANGLE INEQUALITY THEOREM
and .
TRIANGLE LONGER
Larger SIDE
angles are opposite largerTHEOREM
sides.

If then .
 EXAMPLES
Use the triangle sum theorem to find the unknown angle.

𝟔𝟓°
𝟔𝟎° 𝟒𝟎°
 DRILLS
Use the triangle sum theorem to find the unknown angle.
Vertical angles
are congruent.
𝟒𝟐°
𝟒𝟐°
𝟏𝟎𝟖°
DRILLS
Find the value of .
( 𝟔 𝒙+ 𝟑 ) + ( 𝟒 𝒙 ) + ( 𝟏𝟏𝟑 )=𝟏𝟖𝟎
𝟏𝟎 𝒙 +𝟏𝟏𝟔=𝟏𝟖𝟎
𝟏𝟎 𝒙=𝟏𝟖𝟎 −𝟏𝟏𝟔
𝟏𝟎 𝒙=𝟔𝟒
𝟑𝟐
𝒙=𝟔 . 𝟒𝒐𝒓 𝟓
 DRILLS
Find the value of .
(𝒙 +𝟕𝟒)+ ( 𝟑𝟖 + 𝒙 )+ ( 𝟑𝟑 ) =𝟏𝟖𝟎
𝟐 𝒙+𝟏𝟒𝟓=𝟏𝟖𝟎
𝒙 +𝟕𝟒 2
𝟐 𝒙 =𝟑𝟓 𝟑𝟓
𝟑𝟑° 𝒙=𝟏𝟕. 𝟓𝒐𝒓 𝟐
 EXAMPLES
Use the triangle inequality theorem to tell whether the given
lengths are possible sides of a triangle.
𝟏.¿𝟓,𝟕,𝟒 𝟐.¿𝟏𝟏,𝟑,𝟕
𝟓+𝟕> 𝟒 𝟏𝟏+ 𝟑>𝟒
𝟓+𝟒 >𝟕 𝟏𝟏+ 𝟕>𝟑
𝟒+ 𝟕>𝟓 𝟑+𝟕> 𝟏𝟏
YES!!! NO!!
 YOUR TURN
Determine if 16, 10, and 5 can be measures
of the sides of a triangle.
𝟏𝟔+𝟏𝟎>𝟓
𝟏𝟔+𝟓>𝟏𝟎
𝟓+𝟏𝟎 >𝟏𝟔
NO!!!
 EXAMPLES
Suppose has side that measures 10 cm and side
that measures 7 cm. What is the range of the length
of side ?

𝟏𝟎+𝟕=𝟏𝟕
𝟏𝟎 −𝟕=𝟑 𝟑<𝒀𝒁 <𝟏𝟕
 YOUR TURN
What are the greatest and least possible
whole number measures for the third side of
a triangle if the other two sides measure 8
inches and 3 inches?
𝟖+𝟑=𝟏𝟏
𝟖 −𝟑=𝟓 𝟏𝟎𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒔
𝟔𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒔
SIMILAR TRIANGLES
Two triangles are similar triangles if corresponding angles
are equal, meaning for and ,
, , and .
B E

A C
D F
 USING SIMILAR TRIANGLES TO
FIND HEIGHTS
B

A C E To estimate the height of a flagpole, Itadori

reasons that formed by his height and
shadow must be similar to formed by the
D F flagpole. He is 5 ft 6 in. tall and casts an 8-ft
shadow, while the shadow of the flagpole
measures 44 ft. How tall is the pole?
To estimate the height of a flagpole, Itadori reasons that formed by his height and
shadow must be similar to formed by the flagpole. He is 5 ft 6 in. tall and casts an 8-ft
shadow, while the shadow of the flagpole measures 44 ft. How tall is the pole?

B
:
𝟓 . 𝟓 𝒇𝒕 5.5 𝑥
A 𝟖 𝒇𝒕 C E
¿
8 44

?
8 ¿
𝑥
242
𝑥=30.25 𝑓𝑡
D 𝟒𝟒 𝒇𝒕 F
The flagpole is tall .
EXAMPLES
Find the value of the unknown side.
EXAMPLES
Find the value of the unknown side.

19.5 𝑡
¿
12 4
12¿
𝑡78
𝑡 =6.5
EXAMPLES
Find the value of the unknown side.

5 15
¿
6 𝑛
¿90
5𝑛
𝑛=18
 EXAMPLES
Find the value of the unknown side.

10 5
¿
24 𝑞
10 ¿
𝑞 120
𝑞=12
 SPECIAL TRIANGLES
45-45-90 TRIANGLES
Given a triangle with side B
of length , the relationship
45 °
between corresponding
sides is: √𝟐 𝒙 𝒙
𝟏 𝒙 :𝟏 𝒙 : √𝟐 𝒙 A 45 °
𝒙 C
 SPECIAL TRIANGLES
30-60-90 TRIANGLES
Given a triangle with the B
shortest side of length ,
𝟐 𝒙 6 0°
the relationship between
corresponding sides is: 30 °
𝒙
A
𝟏 𝒙 : √ 𝟑 𝒙 :𝟐 𝒙 √𝟑 𝒙 C
EXAMPLES
Find the value of the unknown.
EXAMPLES
Find the value of the unknown.
EXAMPLES
Find the value of the unknown.
EXAMPLES
Find the value of the unknown.
Brain
Break
Kokology
QUIZ 1
1.) Imagine there are horribly threatening monsters angrily
rampaging the city, what do you think is the cause of their
anger? Why are the monsters so furious?

a. They're hungry and looking for food.

b. They're looking for their lost love.
c. Just because they are ugly monsters with
high temper.
d. They're angry with this desperate world.
2.) You are walking in the art gallery, you are relaxed and stop
at one picture. You stop and stare at this picture for a long
time, amazed and fascinated. What kind of picture is that?

a. Self-portrait
b. Parody version of something
c. Abstract
d. Painting of nature
 If you have a magical eraser that can erase
3.)
anything, what will you do?

a. Erase yourself
b. Erase your lover
c. Erase the third party
 4.) Again, you are in the art gallery, the same one as before.
While you are looking at that picture, a guy standing next to
you is about to say something. What that might be?

a.) "What a beautiful painting, you think?"

b.) "How do you like this painting?"
c.) "Excuse me, do you know what time is it
now?"
d.) "You know, I'm the one who painted this
picture ."
5.) You are in 5-star hotel room with a blue sky view. You fell
asleep and take a nap for a couple hours. What do you expect
to see outside the window once you wake up?

a. Midday sun shines above the marine blue sea.

b. Dark blue sea reflects stars on the sky.
c. Cold blue sea, barely see in the mist.
d. The sun is setting at the end of the line where
the sky and the sea meet.
Now, it's time to
check your
answer…
1.) The question stands for the dark side of yourself
and cause of pressure in your life.

a. You are on a diet and suffers a bit from it.

b. Love is the main cause of the pressure in your
life.
c. You feel unsatisfied with your own appearance.
d. You are a pessimistic person.
2.) The question stands for your attractiveness.

a. You are self-confident.

b. You are talkative and have a good sense of
humor.
c. You are creative person.
d. You are gentle and well-mannered.
3.) The question stands for how you handle the
problem in your love life.
a. You always run away from the problem in your
love life.
b. You respect love and see it as a beautiful thing.
c. You don't like to let the problem go on and affect
your life. You love to solve it right away.
4.) The question stands for the way you act
when you met someone for the first time.

a. You are friendly.

b. You will consider carefully before getting to know
someone.
c. You are independent and see no importance of getting
to know new people.
d. You always get excited to know someone and try to
make them impressed in you.
5.) The question stands for what do you
want from love.
a. You want a high-voltage love.
b. You believe in the importance of honesty
between lovers.
c. You want your lover to be your best friend.
d. You are looking for a perfect love – ideal and
romantic.
 ASSIGNMENT NO. 1
Answer Developing Your Skills
on pages 12-13,
Nos. 27-36 only.
 03
Angle Measure in
Radians
An angle is said to be in standard
position in the rectangular
coordinate system if its vertex is
at the origin and the initial side is
along the positive
Positive
- Counterclockwise
Angle
rotation
Negative
- Clockwise rotation
Angle
COTERMINAL ANGLES
Angles that share the same
initial and terminal sides.
EXAMPLES
 Finding Coterminal Angles
To find a coterminal angle of an angle, use
the formula below.

𝜽 ±(in𝟑𝟔𝟎
degrees)
𝒏 𝜽 ± 𝟐 𝝅
(in radians)
𝒏
where
 EXAMPLES
Find two positive and two negative coterminal
angles of the given angle.
𝟏.¿𝟏𝟑𝟓° 𝟐 . ¿ −𝟓𝟒𝟒°
 YOUR TURN
Find the LEAST positive and
GREATEST negative coterminal angles of
the given angle.
𝟏.¿𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟓° 𝟐 . ¿ −𝟕𝟖𝟗°
 Converting Between
04 Degrees and Radians
If central angle is subtended by an arc
that is equal in length to the radius, then
.
Degrees/Radians Conversion
Factors
To convert angle from radians to degrees:
Multiply by .

To convert angle from degrees to radians:

Multiply by .
 EXAMPLES
Convert each angle as indicated:
to radians.

to degrees.
 APPLICATIONS
Finding the Arc Length
If is a central angle in a circle of radius , then
the length of the subtended arc is

𝒔 =𝒓 𝜽
provided is expressed in radians.
 APPLICATIONS
Finding the area of a sector
If is a central angle in a circle of radius , then
the length of the sector formed is
𝟏 𝟐
𝑨= 𝒓 𝜽
𝟐

provided is expressed in radians.

 EXAMPLES
Find the length of major arc .
 EXAMPLES
Find the length of minor arc .
 EXAMPLES
Find the area of the shaded region.
 EXAMPLES
The cities of Quito, Ecuador and Macapá, Brazil,
both lie very near the equator, at a latitude of .
However, Quito is at approximately west
longitude, while Macapá is at west longitude.
Assuming the Earth has a radius of , how far
apart are these cities?
Brain Break
 Kokology
QUIZ 2
Adrift on the
Can you still remember those long
summer days when school was out,
you had no responsibilities, and there
was nothing but time from when you
woke up till the sun finally went
down?
Time for play and adventure, time to
daydream and roam. Hours to spend
on childhood diversions... flying kites,
watching clouds ... blowing bubbles…
Imagine you are out again on a
childhood summer's day, blowing
bubbles in an open field. Which of
the following best describes the
scene you imagined?
1. The bubbles you blow
float away high into the
sky.
2. You are blowing
hundreds of tiny bubbles
through your plastic ring.
3. You're concentrating
on blowing a single
enormous bubble.
4. The bubbles you make
are carried behind you
on the breeze.
The shimmering bubbles you blow in
your imagination are symbols of your
hopes and dreams. The scene you
described reveals how you think about
the dreams you hope someday will come
true.
1. The bubbles you blow float away high into the sky.
You see your own dreams as elusive and
unattainable, flying away from you like soap bubbles
in the wind. Maybe you're wishing for too much, too
soon or are caught up in an impossible fantasy.
Whatever the case may be, the gap between your
dreams and reality is wide. As much as you may like
to tell others of your grand schemes and plans for the
future, somewhere inside yourself is a voice telling
you just how fragile and fleeting those dreams are.
2. You are blowing hundreds of tiny bubbles through your
plastic ring.
You've set your sights on the immediate
attainable - new clothes, a car, a boyfriend or
girlfriend. Your dreams are sensible and always
within your reach. Decide what it is you want
most in the world and work for it. If you chase
after everything at once, you stand a good
chance of ending up empty-handed.
3. You're concentrating on blowing a single
enormous bubble.
You have a single, all-important dream or
ambition that drives your entire life. Hold
on to that desire and keep striving toward
your goal. Given time, you'll see that it's
not so far from your grasp.
4. The bubbles you make are blown behind you on
the breeze.
Your disappointing experience with unfulfilled
hopes and dreams in the past shapes how you
think today. But the experience of chasing after
and losing a few dreams along the way was all
just training for you as you make new goals for
the future. Don't be afraid to keep dreaming- -
the only people who never fail are those who
never try.
 SEATWORK NO. 2
Answer Developing Your Skills on
pages 13-14,
Nos. 46-50, 53-57, 60-64, 71-75, 85-89
 ASSIGNMENT NO. 2
Answer Applications om pages
14-15, Nos. 95, 96, 97, 105, and
106.
Show your solutions!