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Lecture#3

An embedded system typically contains a single chip controller as its core component to act as the "master brain" of the system. The core can be a general purpose or domain specific processor like a microprocessor, microcontroller, or digital signal processor. It also usually includes hardware, software, and mechanical components working together to perform a single, specific task. A typical embedded system can be represented diagrammatically with the core processor receiving inputs from sensors and controlling outputs to actuators based on programmed instructions.

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nomi ghous
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40 views

Lecture#3

An embedded system typically contains a single chip controller as its core component to act as the "master brain" of the system. The core can be a general purpose or domain specific processor like a microprocessor, microcontroller, or digital signal processor. It also usually includes hardware, software, and mechanical components working together to perform a single, specific task. A typical embedded system can be represented diagrammatically with the core processor receiving inputs from sensors and controlling outputs to actuators based on programmed instructions.

Uploaded by

nomi ghous
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Embedded System

An Introduction

Engr. Syed Rizwan


Welcome!!
TYPICAL EMBEDDED
SYSTEM
Elements of Embedded Systems:
• An embedded system is a combination
of 3 things, Hardware, Software,
Mechanical Components and it is
supposed to do one specific task only.
• A typical embedded system contains a
single chip controller which acts as the
master brain of the system.
• Diagrammatically an embedded
system can be represented as follows:
Elements of Embedded Systems:
• The Core of the Embedded Systems:
– The core of the embedded system falls into any one of the following
categories.
• General Purpose and Domain Specific Processors
– Microprocessors
– Microcontrollers
– Digital Signal Processors
• Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs)
• Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs)
• Commercial off the shelf Components (COTS)
Elements of Embedded Systems:
• GENERAL PURPOSE AND DOMAIN SPECIFIC PROCESSOR
– Almost 80% of the embedded systems are processor/
controller based.
– Microprocessor:
– A silicon chip representing a Central Processing Unit
(CPU), which is capable of performing arithmetic as well
as logical operations according to a pre-defined set of
Instructions, which is specific to the manufacturer
– ALU, CU, Registers
– It is a dependent unit
Elements of Embedded Systems:
• Microcontroller:
– A highly integrated silicon chip containing a CPU,
scratch pad RAM, Special and General purpose Register
Arrays, On Chip ROM/FLASH memory for program
storage, Timer and Interrupt control units and dedicated
I/O ports
– Microcontrollers are cheap, cost effective and are readily
available in the market
Elements of Embedded Systems:
• Digital Signal Processors (DSPs):
– Powerful special purpose 8/16/32 bit microprocessors
designed specifically to meet the computational demands
and power constraints of today's embedded audio, video,
and communications applications
– Digital Signal Processors are 2 to 3 times faster than the
general purpose microprocessors in signal processing
applications
Reduced Instruction Set Computing
Complex Instruction set Computing

RISC V/s CISC Processors/Controllers


• MOV Ax, BX 7824H
• ADD AX, CX  9473H

• MOV Ax, BX 7824H


• ADD AX, CX  94H
• MUL bx -876543H
Harvard vs. Von-Neumann Proces-
sor/Controller Architecture
Harvard vs. Von-Neumann Proces-
sor/Controller Architecture
Big-endian V/s Little-endian processors
• Endianness specifies the order in which the data
is stored in the memory by processor operations
in a multi byte system (Processors whose word
size is greater than one byte).
• Suppose the word length is two byte then data
can be stored in memory in two different ways.
Big-endian V/s Little-endian processors
Big-endian V/s Little-endian processors
Big-endian V/s Little-endian processors
• Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs):
– Logic devices provide specific functions, including
device-to-device interfacing, data communication,
signal processing, data display, timing and control
operations, and almost every other function a system
must perform.
– Logic devices can be classified into two broad cate-
gories: Fixed and Programmable.
– The circuits in a fixed logic device are permanent,
they perform one function or set of functions - once
manufactured, they cannot be changed
Thank you

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