TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS

FUNDAMENTALS OF OPERATING SYSTEM

An Operating System (OS) is a set of

programs that manage computer hardware
resources and provide common services for
application software. The operating system is
a vital component of the system software in a
computer system.
 Real-time

A real-time operating system is a multitasking

operating system that aims at executing real-
time applications. The main objective of real-
time operating systems is their quick and
predictable response to events. They have an
event-driven or time-sharing design and often
aspects of both.
 REAL TIME
OPERATING SYSTEM
 Multi-user

A multi-user operating system allows multiple users to

access a computer system concurrently. Single-user
operating systems, as opposed to a multi-user
operating system, are usable by a single user at a
time. Being able to use multiple accounts on a
Windows operating system does not make it a multi-
user system. Rather, only the network administrator is
the real user.
 Multi-tasking
vs. Single-tasking When only a single program is
allowed to run at a time, the system is grouped
under a single-tasking system. However, when the
operating system allows the execution of multiple
tasks at one time, it is classified as a multi-tasking
operating system.
 Single-User/Single-Tasking OS

An operating system that allows a single user to perform only one task at a
time is called a Single-User Single-Tasking Operating System. Functions like
printing a document, downloading images, etc., can be performed only one
at a time.

Advantages
• This operating system occupies less space in memory.
Disadvantages
• It can perform only a single task at a time.
 Single-User/Multitasking OS
An operating system that allows a single user to perform more than
one task at a time is called Single-User Multitasking Operating
System. Examples include Microsoft Windows and Macintosh OS.

Advantages
• It is time saving as it performs multiple tasks at a time yielding high productivity.
Disadvantages
• This operating system is highly complex and occupies more space.
 Distributed
A distributed operating system manages a group of
independent computers and makes them appear to
be a single computer. The development of
networked computers that could be linked and
communicate with each other gave rise to
distributed computing. Distributed computations are
carried out on more than one machine. When
computers in a group work in cooperation, they
make a distributed system.
Distributed
 Embedded

Embedded operating systems are designed to be used in

embedded computer systems. They are designed to operate on
small machines like PDAs with less autonomy. They are able to
operate with a limited number of resources. They are very
compact and extremely efficient by design.
Embedded
EXAMPLES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
DOS (DISK OPERATING SYSTEM)

Stands for "Disk Operating System." DOS was the first operating
system used by International Business Machines (IBM)-
compatible computers. It was originally available in two versions
that were essentially the same, but marketed under two different
names. "PC-DOS" was the version developed by IBM and sold to
the first IBM-compatible manufacturers. "MS-DOS" was the
version that Microsoft bought the rights to, and was bundled with
the first versions of Windows.DOS uses a command line, or text-
based interface, that allows the user to type commands.
 UNIX
• UNIX is an operating system which was first developed in the 1960s, and
has been under constant development ever since. By operating system, we
mean the suite of programs which make the computer work. It is a stable,
multi-user, multi-tasking system for servers, desktops and laptops.
• UNIX systems also have a graphical user interface (GUI) similar to Microsoft
Windows which provides an easy to use environment.
• There are many different versions of UNIX, although they share common
similarities. The most popular varieties of UNIX are Sun Solaris, GNU/Linux,
and MacOS X.
• Unix is a Proprietary Operating System. It is a stable. Multi-user, multi-
tasking system for servers. Desktops and laptops
 UNIX
Is commonly popular in companies, universities and big enterprises

Can be used as :
• Internet Servers
• Workstation
• PCs
UNIX OS
Linux
• Linux (or GNU/Linux) is a Unix-like operating system that was developed without
any actual Unix code, unlike BSD and its variants. Linux can be used on a wide
range of devices from supercomputers to wristwatches. The Linux kernel is
released under an open source license, so anyone can read and modify its code.
It has been modified to run on a large variety of electronics. Although estimates
suggest that Linux is used on 1.82% of all personal computers, it has been widely
adopted for use in servers and embedded systems (such as cell phones). Linux
has superseded Unix in most places, and is used on the 10 most powerful
supercomputers in the world. The Linux kernel is used in some popular
distributions, such as Red Hat, Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint and Google's Android.

• Linux is an Open Source, free to use operating system widely used for computer
hardware and software, game development, tablet PCS, mainframes etc
Linux OS
 Linux
Everyone from home users to developers and computer enthusiasts
alike.
 Mac OS X
• The Macintosh (often called "the Mac"), introduced in 1984 byApple
Computer, was the first widely-sold personal computer with a graphical
user interface (GUI). The Mac was designed to provide users with a
natural, intuitively understandable, and, in general, "user friendly"
computer interface. This includes the mouse, the use of icons or small
visual images to represent objects or actions, the point-and-click and click-
and-drag actions, and a number of window operation ideas. Microsoft was
successful in adapting user interface concepts first made popular by the
Mac in its first Windows operating system. The primary disadvantage of
the Mac is that there are fewer Mac applications on the market than for
Windows. However, all the fundamental applications are available, and the
Macintosh is a perfectly useful machine for almost everybody. Data
compatibility between Windows and Mac is an issue, although it is often
overblown and readily solved.
Mac OS
 Microsoft Windows
Windows is a personal computer operating system from Microsoft that,
together with some commonly used business applications such as Microsoft
Word and Excel, has become a de facto "standard" for individual users in
most corporations as well as in most homes. Windows contains built-in
networking, which allows users to share files and applications with each other
if their PCs are connected to a network. In large enterprises, Windows clients
are often connected to a network of UNIX and NetWare servers. The server
versions of Windows NT and 2000> are gaining market share, providing a
Windows-only solution for both the client and server. Windows is supported by
Microsoft, the largest software company in the world, as well as the Windows
industry at large, which includes tens of thousands of software developers.