Lesson 1-5
Lesson 1-5
What is a Computer?
• A computer is a machine that can store and process information. Most
computers rely on a binary system, which uses two variables, 0 and 1, to
complete tasks such as storing data, calculating algorithms, and displaying
information. Computers come in many different shapes and sizes, from
handheld smartphones to supercomputers weighing more than 300 tons
The basic components of a modern digital computer
• Input (Data): Input is the raw information entered into a computer from
the input devices. It is the collection of letters, numbers, images etc.
Desktop Background
Picture
Desktop
Case
Motherboard
• A printed circuit board
containing the principal
components of a computer or
other device, with connectors
into which other circuit boards
can be slotted. It holds and
allows communication between
many of the crucial electronic
components of a system such
as the central processing unit
(CPU) and memory, and
provides connectors for other
peripherals.
15 FAN
HEADER
1
ATX 12V 7
Ram
Slot
2
Back Panel I/O 8
CPU Socket
9
3 24 ATX Power Connector
Cmos Battery
4
16x PCIe 10
slot
SATA
1x PCIe 5 11 Port
Slot South
Bridge
PCI
6 12
Slot USB
USB Front 3.0
2.014 13
Panel
Types of system panel cables
Front
• HDD LED (IDE LED) - The LED activity light for
Panel the hard drive. This is the LED that flashes as
information is being written and read from the
hard drive.
IDE
Solid State Drive or SSD
• Short for solid-state drive, an SSD is
a storage medium that uses non-
volatile memory to hold and access
data. Unlike a hard drive, an SSD has
no moving parts, which gives it
advantages, such as faster access
time, noiseless operation, higher
reliability, and lower power
consumption.
Volatile vs. non-volatile memory
• Memory can be either volatile or non-volatile memory. Volatile
memory loses its contents when the computer or hardware device loses
power. Computer RAM is an example of volatile memory. It is why if
your computer freezes or reboots when working on a program, you lose
anything that wasn’t saved. Non-volatile memory, sometimes
abbreviated as NVRAM, keeps its contents even if the power is lost.
Memory and storage sizes
• While performing a processing operation, a
processor needs a place to temporarily store
instructions to be executed and the data to be
used with those instructions. Memory is also
known as primary storage or internal storage.
This role of memory to store both data and
programs is known as the stored program
concept. The size of memory is measured by
the number of bytes available for use. A
kilobyte of memory is equal to exactly 1,024
bytes. To make storage definitions easier to
identify, computer users often round a kilobyte
down to 1,000 bytes. A megabyte (MB) is
equal to approximately 1 million bytes. A
gigabyte (GB) equals approximately 1 billion
bytes. A terabyte (TB) is equal to
approximately 1 trillion bytes.
Example:
• How many 1.5MB picture files will fit in a DVD? We know that a
regular DVD’s capacity is about 4.7GB. Taking from the table
above that 1GB is ~1,000MB, then we can arrive at an equation:
• X = (4.7*1000)/1.5
• X = 4700/1.5
• X = 3133.33 (~3133 files)
CDROM drive
• A CD-ROM /ˌsiːˌdiːˈrɒm/ is a pre-
pressed optical compact disc which
contains data. The name is an
acronym which stands for "Compact
Disc Read-Only Memory".
Computers can read CD-ROMs, but
cannot write to CD-ROMs which are
not writable or erasable.
• CD – Compact Disk, DVD – Digital
Versatile Disk
CPU
SOCKET
• A CPU socket is made of plastic, and comes with a lever or
latch, and with metal contacts for each of the pins or lands on
theCPU. Many packages are keyed to ensure the proper
insertion of theCPU. CPUs with a PGA (pin grid array) package
are inserted into the socket and the latch is closed.
LGA 1156/ 2009 2012 Intel Core i7 (800
Socket H series)
Intel Core i5 (700,
600 series)
Intel Core i3 (500
series)
Year of Year end of Intel Xeon (X3400,
L3400 series)
introduction life Intel Pentium (G60
00 series)
LGA 1156, also known as Socket H or H1, is Intel Celeron (G100
0 series
an Intel desktop CPU socket. LGA stands for land
grid array. Its incompatible successor is LGA 1155.
Processor
The processor is known as the brain of the computer. the processor
executes 3 basic functions, receive input data, process this data and
provide output data. For example each letter entered is input data the
processor receives this data process it and provides the output. In this
case everything you type will appear immediately on your screen all
this is done in a fraction of a second.
INPUT / OUTPUT
I/O, input/output
• Alternatively referred to as I/O, input/output is any software or
hardware device that is designed to send and receive data to and from a
computer hardware component.
• a computer mouse can is only an input device, because it can send data
but cannot receive any data back.
• Mouse Monitor
• Keyboard Printer
• Microphone Headphones
• Scanner speaker
• web cam
OHS (Occupational health and safety )
• Occupational health and safety (OHS) relates to health, safety, and
welfare issues in the workplace.
• OHS includes the laws, standards, and programs that are aimed at
making the workplace better for workers, along with co-workers,
family members, customers, and other stakeholders.
• Improving a company's occupational health and safety standards
ensures good business, a better brand image, and higher employee
morale.
Computer Lab Rules