Amity Institute of Information

Technology (AIIT)
PG Program
Cloud Infrastructure and Services
Dr. Himanshu Gupta

1
Module - I
 Business Drivers of Cloud Computing
• Business drivers have motivated organizations to adopt cloud computing to
meet and support the requirements of these drivers. They have also
motivated organizations to become providers of the cloud environment.
There are three types of Business Drivers as follows.
1. Capacity Planning
2. Cost Reduction
3. Organizational Agility

Capacity Planning :
Capacity planning is the process in which an organization estimates the
production capacity needed for its products to cope with the ever-changing
demands in the market. This involves estimating the storage, infrastructure,
hardware and software, availability of resources, etc. for over a future period of
time.
 Business Drivers of Cloud Computing
Cost Reduction :
Cost rorder to increase their profits in the business. There is a direct alignment
between the cost and the growth of the company, which is why cost reduction is
an important factor in the organization’s productivity. The maximum usage
requirements should be kept in mind when dealing with the performance of the
organization.

Organizational Agility :
Organization agility is the process by which an organization will adapt and
evolve to sudden changes caused by internal and external factors. It measures
how quickly an organization will get back on its feet, in the face of problems.
Agility requires stability, and for an organization to reach organizational agility,
it should build a stable foundation. In the IT field, one should respond to
business change by scaling its IT resources. If infrastructure seems to be the
problem, changing the business needs and prioritizing as per the circumstances
should be the solution.
 Cloud Computing

• Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer system

resources, especially data storage and computing power, without
direct active management by the user.

• Large clouds often have functions distributed over multiple locations,

each location being a data center.

• Cloud allows network-based access to communication tools like emails

and calendars. What’s app is also a cloud-based infrastructure as it
comes in communication it is also one of the examples of cloud
computing. All the messages and information are stored in service
providers hardware.
Cloud Computing
 Characteristics of Cloud Computing as per NIST

• National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is an agency

under the scope of US Department of Commerce. NIST is responsible
for defining standards in Science and Technology.

• NIST five essential characteristics of Cloud Computing

1. On demand self-service
2. Broad network access
3. Resource pooling
4. Rapid Elasticity
5. Measured service
Characteristics of Cloud Computing as per NIST
 Characteristics of Cloud Computing as per NIST
1. On Demand Self service
Computer services such as Email, Application Network, or Server service can be
provided without requiring interaction with each service provider. Self-service means
that the consumer performs all the actions needed to acquire the service himself,
instead of going through an IT department. For example – The consumer’s request is
then automatically processed by the cloud infrastructure, without human intervention
on the provider’s side.

2. Broad Network Access

Cloud capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard
mechanism that promote use by heterogeneous client such as mobile phone, laptop

3. Resource pooling
• The providers computing resources are pooled together to serve multiple
customers, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and
reassigned according to the customers demand. Example of resources include
storage, processing, memory, and network bandwidth.
 Characteristics of Cloud Computing as per NIST

4. Rapid elasticity
• Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and released, in some cases
automatically, to scale rapidly outward and inward commensurate with
demand. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often
appear to be unlimited and can be appropriated in any quantity at any time.

5. Measured service
• Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a
metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of
service (e.g. storage, processing, bandwidth, and active use account). Resource
usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported, providing transparency for
both the provider and consumer of the utilized service.
 Layers of Cloud Computing

• To gain a better understanding of the aforementioned terms, it is

important to understand the underlying components and layers which
make up the cloud.

• The architecture of Cloud Computing is mainly divided into four

different layers as:
a) Hardware
b) Infrastructure
c) Platform
d) Software or Application
 Types of Cloud Computing

• There are many different types of cloud computing used by companies

around the world. The most commonly used types of cloud computing
covers its types based on deployment and cloud services.

• These types are as follows are as follows.

1. Public Cloud
2. Private Cloud
3. Hybrid Cloud
4. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
5. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
6. Softwarere as a Service (SaaS)
 Types of Cloud Computing
Based on Deployment:

1. Public Cloud: A cloud platform that is based on standard cloud computing model in which
service provider offers resources, applications storage to the customers over the internet is
called as public cloud computing. The hardware resources in public cloud are shared among
similar users and accessible over a public network such as the internet

2. Private Cloud: A cloud platform that is based on standard cloud computing model in
which service provider offers resources, applications storage to the customers over the
internet is called as public cloud computing. The hardware resources in public cloud are
shared among similar users and accessible over a public network such as the internet.

3. Hybrid Cloud: Hybrid Cloud computing allows you to use combination of both public and
private cloud. This helps companies to maximize their efficiency and deliver better
performance to clients. In this model companies can use public cloud for transfer of non-
confidential data and switch on to private cloud in case of sensitive data transfer or hosting of
critical applications. This model is gaining prominence in many business as it gives benefits
of both the model.
 Types of Cloud Computing

Based on Cloud Services:

1. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is the most flexible and comprehensive types of cloud
services that provides the infrastructure for your applications and clouding in computer.

2 Platform as a service (PaaS)

The second layer of the pyramid, platform as a service (PaaS) provides the framework
needed to build, test and launch your own product applications through their infrastructure.

3 Software as a service (SaaS)

With the cloud serving of the software as a service (SaaS) model being the most commonly
used cloud computing services, SaaS is a complete software solution. It manages the
infrastructure for your applications, offers cloud computing and has middle-ware and data
that is necessary for applications computing.
Types of Cloud Computing
.
 Features of Cloud Computing

1. Some of the features that make cloud computing more suitable for the
industries as well as an individual. For example, we can pool any kind of
resources like CPU, GPU etc at any time.

2. Cloud Computing is an on-demand service which is very easy to maintain and

can be accessed from anywhere which are highly available.

3. Cloud computing is an automatic system which works automatically at the

backend for this we don’t need to worry about.

4. Cloud computing is very secure and cheap because of their pay as you go policy
for this we have to pay for only those resources which are being used. These
features make cloud computing more reliable easy to use and cheap service.
 Challenges of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing, an emergent technology, has placed many challenges in different

aspects of data and information handling.

• Security and Privacy

Security and Privacy of information is the biggest challenge to cloud computing.
Security and privacy issues can be overcome by employing encryption, security
hardware and security applications.

• Portability
This is another challenge to cloud computing that applications should easily be
migrated from one cloud provider to another. There must not be vendor lock-in.
However, it is not yet made possible because each of the cloud provider uses
different standard languages for their platforms.
 Challenges of Cloud Computing

• Interoperability
It means the application on one platform should be able to incorporate services
from the other platforms. It is made possible via web services but developing such
web services is very complex.

• Computing Performance
Data intensive applications on cloud requires high network bandwidth, which
results in high cost. Low bandwidth does not meet the desired computing
performance of cloud application.

• Reliability and Availability

It is necessary for cloud systems to be reliable and robust because most of the
businesses are now becoming dependent on services provided by third-party.
Challenges of Cloud Computing
 Benefits of Cloud Computing

• Cloud Computing is a really worthy solution for SMEs and even for some large
businesses. Some key benefits of cloud computing are as follows:

1. Flexible
One of the major benefits of cloud computing for any business which has opted
cloud computing can increase or decrease the bandwidth as per requirement. For
example, an eCommerce website during the holidays will get a rise in traffic and
accordingly they have to manage the bandwidth because during the off season
there will be less traffic.

2. Scalable
With cloud computing they just have to contact their cloud service provider and
get the bandwidth increased. This makes it easier for business to increase and
decrease the bandwidth as and when required hence saving cost
 Benefits of Cloud Computing
3. Reduce Infrastructure Cost
Moving to cloud reduces the cost of managing and maintaining servers. Cloud
computing eliminates the need to invest in servers and the software. Cloud also
reduces the overhead costs like IT Staff, power, data storage and bandwidth. There
are payment models like as pay-as-you-go means business can choose according to
their need.

4. No Location Constraints
Access to anything stored in the cloud at any point of time and from any geo-
location via internet gives the user 24*7/365 availability. This enable employees
or users to work from anywhere, anytime.

5. Security
Data security and redundancy is the backbone on which cloud computing is built
on. Therefore the cloud service providers spend heavily on servers and data
security.
 Benefits of Cloud Computing

6. Back-up and Disaster Recovery

Most of the cloud service providers are capable of handling information recovery.
And also since the data is stored in cloud, it is much easier to back-up and restore
compared to physical storage.
 Virtualization
• Virtualization in cloud computing is defined as a creation of a virtual version of
a server, a desktop, a storage device, an operating system, or network
resources.
• Virtualization uses software to create an abstraction layer over computer
hardware that allows the hardware elements of a single computer—
processors, memory, storage and more—to be divided into multiple virtual
computers, commonly called virtual machines (VMs).
• Virtualization is the most needed in cloud computing. Virtualization helps in
transferring data easily, protects from system failures, reduces the cost of
operations, and provides security to data.
• One of the main advantages of virtualization is that it's a more efficient use of
the physical computer hardware; this, in turn, provides a greater return on a
company's investment.
• Layers of Virtualization are Storage, Networking, Virtualization, Cloud and
AI/ML
Virtualization
 Important Steps Involved for Transition from Basic Data
Center to Cloud Environment
• Every organization's experience with the cloud will be unique
depending on exactly which types of cloud resources it uses and what
it deploys on them. Before planning a cloud transition, it's important
for businesses to identify which benefits they seek to gain. These
benefits can be maximized, and challenges simplified by adhering to
practices that make successful cloud transitions easier to achieve.
1. Get Organizational Buy-in
A transition to the cloud becomes much easier when all stakeholders are
on board. They include the technical practitioners, who will set up and
manage cloud environments, as well as management, who should support
the migration to the cloud and the temporary and permanent expenses
that come with it. Everyone should understand why the business is
moving to the cloud.
 Important Steps Involved for Transition from Basic Data
Center to Cloud Environment
2. Decide Which Cloud Services to Use
Given the vast number of cloud services available, businesses should
identify upfront which cloud services they plan to deploy. In general,
businesses should consider factors such as how much each type of cloud
service costs, how hard or easy it is to deploy workloads on the service,
how the service can be monitored and managed, and how a particular
service might create security risks.

3. Understand What Shouldn’t Run in the cloud

Early in a cloud transition is the best time for a business to identify which
applications won't work well off premises. Plan steps to modify those
applications to suit a cloud environment, or alternatively, commit to keep
those applications out of the cloud.
 Important Steps Involved for Transition from Basic Data
Center to Cloud Environment
4. Identify New Security Risks
The cloud presents specific security challenges. Because cloud environments
are connected to the internet by default, it is easier for attackers to locate and
exploit cloud resources. In cloud environments a small misconfigurations,
such as accidentally allowing public access to a sensitive storage area, can
have large security implications. Businesses should assess how they will
mitigate these security risks as part of their cloud transition plan.

5. Understand Cloud costs

Cost models, too, can change dramatically in the cloud. Cloud computing
enables an organization to pay as it goes, which simplifies cost
management in one respect. That said, a business needs to consider costs
related to a transition to the cloud.
 Important Steps Involved for Transition from Basic Data
Center to Cloud Environment
6. Define Cloud Roles and Ownership
A business should specifically identify who within their organization will
be in charge of the cloud environment. Who can launch new cloud
resources? Will the entire organization share one cloud environment, or
will each business unit or team have its own account? Before a formal
transition to the cloud, businesses should have a consistent plan to
manage its cloud environment responsibly.

7. Plan a Long-term Cloud Roadmap

Cloud environments almost always change over time. Businesses may
migrate applications from one type of cloud service to others. So,
organizations can at least create a roadmap that identifies -- in general
terms -- how they expect their cloud strategy to evolve over time.
 Business Agility in Cloud Computing
• Business Agility is the ability of a business to adapt rapidly and cost-
efficiently in response to changes in the market and emerging
opportunities with innovative business solutions.
• Business Agility is defined as agility in an organisation's culture,
leadership, strategy, and governance that adds value to all stakeholders
who operate in uncertain, complex, and ambiguous environments.
• Business agility is the ability of an organisation to: Adapt quickly to
market changes - internally and externally.
• Cloud agility provides flexibility to organizations, allowing them to
scale up or down their resources to address website traffic and other
demands in order to address sudden or unanticipated production and
development needs.
 How Cloud Computing Can Drive Business Agility?
• The cloud, in particular, provides a natural platform for optimizing
existing IT systems to increase operational efficiencies while driving
business agility and growth. So, let’s have a look at how cloud
computing strategy drives business agility:

1. Faster time-to-market – cloud computing allows companies to significantly

decrease the time it takes to provision and deprovision IT infrastructure,
speeding delivery of IT projects that are critical to revenue growth or cost
reduction. While a physical server could take days or weeks to procure and
provision, a cloud server takes minutes.

2. Automation – cloud computing simplifies provisioning, de-provisioning and

re-deploying resources through automation. The efficiency of cloud
computing reduces the amount of time an IT systems administrator has to
spend on managing and supporting infrastructure.
 How Cloud Computing Can Drive Business Agility?
3. Pay for the number of resources you use and need – There is no denial that
cloud computing increases the efficiency and speed of business processes and
transactions. The pay-per-use model of cloud computing offers its subscribers
the opportunity to either rent or subscribe to the platforms, systems,
infrastructure and data services which can be rapidly scaled up or down on
need basis. This eliminates the risk of committing a lot of finances on
insignificant or less useful resources which are required to store these entities
themselves.

4. Faster innovation – cloud computing allows companies to support an

increased pace of product development and marketing programs that better
align IT infrastructure and management costs with the goals and objectives of
the business. The flexible infrastructure that cloud offers translates into
businesses enhancing their agility rather than being inhibitors of the change. It
allows organizations to step up or tone down their operations to support their
business goals such as attracting and retaining new customers or speeding up
the time-to-market for latest services.
 How Cloud Computing Can Drive Business Agility?

5. No need to wait for hardware and software resources – The cloud makes
everything accessible via the Internet. Conventional business processes need
weeks or months at times to set up hardware and develop software. On the
contrary, such setup can be ready in just a matter of few hours in the cloud.

6. Flexibility and scalability – Due to the pay-per-use flexibility of the cloud,

end-users are able to scale fast based on the demands of the business. Among
the common workloads that require on-demand scalability we can name
testing and development, load testing, seasonal spikes in traffic, a new
application etc.
 Next Generation Cloud Applications
 The new generation of cloud computing technology can be considered
as a new layer in cloud platform to deploy application. It indicates
towards the software that is purposed to give relief from the stress
between operational and developmental team in a business.

 Additionally, next-generation cloud is a comprehensive security

solution that addresses the needs of all users, apps, data, and
infrastructure. It provides a complete set of solutions for managing
data across diverse data types and provides rich AI-based visual
analytics.

 In the next-generation, cloud computing technology role is going be as

an integral element in the life of each human being. It is so because this
is the only platform where all devices can be connected to one place.
 Next Generation Cloud Applications
There are several technologies and applications in Next-Gen Cloud
Computing. Some of these are as follows:

1. Unikernels
• These are the specialized operating systems, which render enhanced
security, fine-grained optimization, and a smaller footprint required
for micro-services. They are made up of the library OS technology and
can be customized on the basis of different programs and hardware.

• For example – MirageOS is a library operating system, which develops

unikernels for networking purpose over a variety of online computing
and mobile environments.
 Next Generation Cloud Applications

2. Blockchain
• Blockchain technology is a new face of internet where digital data is
distributed without copying. Information held in the blockchain
appears like sharing, having numerous advantages of its use. It is
impossible for an individual person to hold blockchain because it does
not a single failure point. The network lives in a ‘consensus’ mode
where a self-auditing kind of ecosystem is available. This system
reconciles each transaction, which is accomplished in 10 minutes of
intervals.

3. Container-as-a-Service
• CaaS (or Container-as-a-Service) is a service provided by the cloud
providers who render container orchestration and computing
resources.
 Next Generation Cloud Applications

• The framework can be utilized by IT industry developers through web

interface or API for easy container management. This new generation
of cloud computing technology can be considered as a new layer in
cloud platform to deploy application. It indicates towards the software
that is purposed to give relief from the stress between operational and
developmental team in a business. CaaS is useful at the time of pushing
application data and monitoring program.
• Azure Container Service, Google Container Engine, Cloud Foundry’s
Diego, etc., are the live example of this next-gen cloud computing
technology.
4. Software Defined Networking
• Software Defined Networking is a key component in data centers for
the automation purpose.
 Next Generation Cloud Applications
• SDN renders efficient methods for managing virtualization that saves
the extra costing in hardware implementation. Managers of the data
center have the right to manage every aspect associated with the data
center to upgrade their hardware as per the requirements. These
automated tools eliminate the complications that are faced while
managing activities. It helps organizations in enhancing their cloud
data security by reducing the human errors.
Finally, Cloud computing is having a bright scope in future because it is
holding several technical barriers and knows solution to deal with them.
No human involvement is required for dealing with such type of hurdles.
The constant change is the need of today’s digital world and no
organization can stay in the market with making updation. The concept of
next-gen cloud computing technology has already been adopted by huge
firms and now it is our time to upgrade ourselves.
Thank You!