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Chapter 02 Hardware Part 2

The document discusses key hardware components of computers including CPUs, memory, storage, ports, and connectivity. It describes the functions of the CPU and different types of memory and storage. Future trends mentioned include virtual/transparent screens, bendable smartphones, head-mounted displays, and drones.

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Noof Alkitbi
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
17 views

Chapter 02 Hardware Part 2

The document discusses key hardware components of computers including CPUs, memory, storage, ports, and connectivity. It describes the functions of the CPU and different types of memory and storage. Future trends mentioned include virtual/transparent screens, bendable smartphones, head-mounted displays, and drones.

Uploaded by

Noof Alkitbi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hardware Basics

Chapter 2
Part 2
Key Topics
• Computer Components
▫ Microprocessors (CPUs)
▫ Memory (RAM/ROM)
▫ Storage
▫ Cloud
▫ Connectivity (Ports)
• Green Computing
• Future Trends
Inside your Smartphone
System Information - PC
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• “Brains” of the computer

▫ An electronic chip that carries out the


instructions of a computer program by
performing:

 Arithmetical +, * calculations and Logical


operations (decisions) <, !=
(Arithmetic Logic Unit - ALU)

 Input/Output operations of the system


(Control Unit - CU)
Motherboard – Desktop Computer
CPU or Processor
• CPU Performance
▫ Processor Speed
 Measured in Hertz (Hz)
 1 Hz = 1 machine cycle per second
 2.2 GHz is equal to 2.2 Billion Machine Cycles Per Second
OR 2.2 billion operations per second

▫ Word Size
 Number of bits a CPU can process at a time
 Older PCs - 32 bits
 New PCs - 64 bits
 Embedded Systems - 8 or 16 bits
CPU Speed
• Single-core Processor
▫ To increase performance 
increase speed  Overheating

• Multi-core CPUs
▫ Multiple processors on a single chip, e.g. i7, AMD 64
▫ Parallel Processing: run 2 or more programs in parallel

• Specialized Processor
▫ Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) to render 3D graphics
and games
CPU Compatibility
▫ Software Compatibility
 All software is not compatible with every CPU
e.g. software designed to run on gaming console processors such
as PowerPC processors does not work on Intel processors

▫ Backward compatibility
 Newer processors can process instructions of earlier
models from the same family
e.g. Intel i5 could run apps designed for Intel i3,
but not vice versa
Storage & Speed Tradeoff
Hard Disk [GB, TB]

RAM [GB]

Memory close to CPU


Cache [KB, MB] (on motherboard)

CPU [GHz]
Random Access Memory (RAM)
• Primary storage or Main memory
▫ Temporary storage for programs and data
currently in use

▫ Characteristics:
 Unique addresses
 Data can be stored/retrieved randomly
 Very fast access (in nanoseconds)
 Data erased if power goes off (volatile)
Read Only Memory (ROM)
▫ Contains:
 Startup instructions (Booting)
 Other Critical data

▫ Features:
 Can’t write new information
 Can’t be erased (Etched on the chip)
 Permanent (Nonvolatile)
Hard Drives

• Secondary/Permanent Storage
▫ Stores programs and data
▫ Slower than main memory
▫ Huge storage capacities

• Types:
▫ Internal
▫ Portable
Flash Memory – Solid State Disk (SSD)
▫ Alternate to Hard Disks –
Faster, use less power, reliable
But costly

▫ Read/Write/Erase data

▫ Data not erased if power switch off (Nonvolatile)

▫ Found in:
 Smartphones, Tablets, Camera
 Standalone – SD card, USB drive
Cloud Storage
• Types of Cloud Storage
▫ OneDrive
▫ iCloud
▫ Google Drive
▫ Dropbox, Box

• Features:
▫ Easy access anywhere as long as you have internet
▫ Huge storage capacities
▫ Online backup
Ports
• To connect devices (keyboard, mice, printer,
smartphones, flash drives, etc) to exchange data

• Fastest port: Thunderbolt


▫ Speeds up to 40 Gbps
▫ Allows connection to multiple devices

• Connectivity port: Ethernet


▫ Connects to wired network or Internet
Ports

 Most common port: USB (Universal Serial Bus)


 Allows transfer speeds from 10-20 Gbps
 Can charge and power up devices
 USB-C is slimmer, faster and reversible in comparison to
older ones
Ports
• Audio ports
▫ To connect microphones, speakers, headphones

• Video port:
▫ Most common: HDMI – allows
high-definition video and audio
▫ Old projectors/monitors use VGA
Green Computing
• The use of computers and resources in an
environmentally responsible manner

• Tips:
▫ Use e-resources instead of printing
▫ Use energy saving devices
▫ Recycle electronic waste and Reuse
▫ Turn off computing devices when not in use
▫ Use green vehicles
Future Trends
• Virtual/
Transparent Screens

• Bendable
Smartphones

• Head-mounted
displays

• Drones

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