Presentation on Various

Aspects
of LNG/ LCNG
& HCNG
 Table of Content

01 02 03
Techniques to Types of Types of
convert LNG to LCNG Stationery Storage Station Mobile Storage Station

04 05
Storage, Handling and Dispensing at Indian & World
LNG/LCNG Dispensing Stations status on LCNG
Discussion on
LNG & LCNG
 Requirements for a LNG/ LCNG Storage Installations
Minimum safety distances between
the LNG storage vessels & the
nearest building or line of adjoining
property

A
Every person handling any operations The LNG installation shall be
involving LNG shall always wear designed to withstand natural
appropriate personal protective
E B calamities without loss of structural/
equipment (PPE) functional integrity

D C
Odorizing unit shall be Compressors, CNG Cascades,
provided in LCNG stations odorizers etc shall not be located
inside the impounding area
 LNG & LCNG Fueling Station
Permanent station

Type A Type C
● Includes cryogenic storage tank, LPG dispenser, ● Centrifuge cryogenic pump
Payment system, Explosion proof enclosure on ● LNG dispenser does not need to kept near storage tank
programmable logic controller (PLC) ● High refueling capacity
● Low capital and operational cost ● Not capable for high pressure truck
● Not capable for high pressure truck

Type D
Type B ● Upgraded version of type B & C
● Upgraded version of type A, additional boil off recovery ● High refueling capacity
system ● Not capable for high pressure truck
● Not capable for high pressure truck ● Doesn’t require min. no. of CNG trucks
● Dispenser can’t be allocated far away
Type E
● ● Can refuel both LNG and CNG
Centrifuge cryogenic pump
● ● Doesn’t require min. no. of LNG trucks if CNG
Allow LNG fueling at different equilibrium pressure
● Enables saturation of refueling prior to refueling between sales volume is adequate
● High CNG/LNG refueling capacity
pump skid and dispenser
● High investment and operational cost
 Types Of Mobile Station
Type 1 Type 2

■ Installed on a 20-in. or 40-in. ■ Installed on a 40-in. platform

platform. with dispenser.
■ Requires cryogenic equipment, ■ Equipment configuration
manual valves, a hose/nozzle includes a 20-in.
■ Requires cryogenic ISO
and a cryogenic pump
■ very low capital and operational container, an LNG dispenser, a
control panel and a cryogenic
cost
pump.
 Advantages

Type 1 Type 2

Very Low Capital Very Low Capital

And Operational Cost And Operational Cost

Low Space Requirement Low Space Requirement

Flexibility with Mobile

Fully Automatic
Concept
Easy to Easy to
approved(ADR approved(ADR
Vehicle) Vehicle)
 Disadvantages

Type 1 Type 2

Not Capable for high Not Capable for high

Pressure trucks Pressure trucks
Not weights and measure
Homologation Being not possible to
recover the Boil Off from
Require an operator Tank

Being not possible to

recover the Boil Off
from Tank
 Requirements for a LNG/LCNG Dispenser

● Saturated LNG dispensing facilities with workers nearby must have barrier walls or equivalent protection to protect the
operator and vehicle. In the event of a fault, a barrier will divert saturated LNG upward from all facility piping except the
vehicle dispensing hose. LNG fuelling stations transporting LNG at night must have permanent, appropriate lighting.
● Vehicle fueling dispenser shall be protected damage due to vehicle collision. An ESD shall be provided with a shutoff
valve for stopping supply and shutting down of the transfer equipment. The maximum delivery pressure at the fuelling
nozzle shall not exceed the maximum allowable working pressure of the vehicle fuel tanks.
● The Vehicle Fuelling Connector and vehicle receptacle will reliably, safely, and securely transfer LNG or gas vapour to or
from the vehicle with minimal leakage. The fueling connector must feature an interlock device that prohibits release
while the line is open or self-closing ends that close automatically upon separation.
● ESD shall be provided near to the dispenser, LNG unloading facilities and sales / control room. Instrumentation for LNG
fuelling facilities shall be designed so that, in the event of a power or instrumentation failure, the system goes into a fail-
safe condition until the operators either reactivate or shut down the system.
 Indian Status on LNG World Status on LNG

•India being the 4th largest LNG importer. •As of 2020, there were 175 liquified natural gas-
propelled (LNG) vessels in operation worldwide.
•There are Five LNG terminals in the country.
•Another 125 were LNG-ready and 55 ships were on
• At present, GAIL (India) Limited is exploring its order.
options of LNG import.
•The world’s largest exporter of liquefied natural gas
•India imports about 8.5 MMTPA of LNG from Ras (LNG) in 2021 was Australia, with an export volume
Gas. of 108.1 billion cubic meters.
•With the target of making India a gas-based economy •China was world’s largest LNG importing country in
and increase in share of natural gas to 15 percent by 2021.
2030 in the primary energy mix of the country
•Qatar is a key player in the world supply of natural
gas. Qatar’s massive natural gas reserves amount to
about 24.7 trillion cubic meters in 2020.
Discussion on HCNG
 Table of Content

01 02 03
Introduction to HCNG & Integrated Types of Status of combined hydrogen and CNG
Model of CNG and HCNG Station HCNG status in India

04 05
Advantages & Disadvantages Topic to be added
Introduction to HCNG

❖ HCNG or H2CNG (Hydrogen Compressed Natural Gas) is a mixture of COMPRESSED

NATURAL GAS and proportionate amount of HYDROGEN.
❖ HCNG reduces the engine's unburned hydrocarbon emissions and speeds up the process of
combustion.
❖ HCNG mixtures with 20-30% hydrogen by volume are optimal for vehicle performance and emission
reduction.
❖ Hydrogen is an excellent additive to improve the burning of hydrocarbon fuel due to its low ignition
energy and high reactivity.
Why H2 Blend with CNG ?

❖ pure
 There are six major Components which are required
at combined CNG and HCNG stations,

❖ Electrolyser
❖ Source of Natural Gas
❖ Source of Hydrogen
❖ CNG/Hydrogen storage tanks
❖ CNG/ Hydrogen Blender
❖ CNG and HCNG dispensers

Integrated Model of CNG and HCNG Station

From: Yadav, Kriti & Sircar, Anirbid. (2017). HYDROGEN COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS AND LIQUEFIED
COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS: FUELS FOR FUTURE. Journal of Energy and Management. 2. 29-33.
 Types of HCNG
Two types of fuels are formed by blending the various proportions of hydrogen to natural gas: one is HANG and another one is
HYTHANE which is formed when 20% of hydrogen is added to 80% of CNG by volume. Typically the proportion of hydrogen,
by volume for blending the natural gas varies from 8-50%. Studies indicate that HCNG mixtures with 20-30% hydrogen by volume
are optimal for vehicle performance and emission reduction.

Hythane is a blend of 18% hydrogen and 82% compressed natural gas (CNG), and it has emerged as an intermittent technology in
India because it can leverage existing CNG combustion engines and natural gas pipelines to introduce hydrogen for transport. The
hydrogen presence, contributes to improve the engine combustion yield and to reduce the CO2 equivalent and NOx emissions in
the atmosphere, as hydrogen is a clean energy source.
How CNG to HCNG model scale
up in India as Capital-Intensive?
● Due to extreme air pollution Supreme court of india planned a
commissioned and that works on that.
● MOPNG created a corpus of fund Rs. 100 Crore for taking up Hydrogen
research activities with IOCL R&D as nodal agency.
● In this regard National Hydrogen Energy Board is Constituted by
Government of India to prepare a road map for hydrogen based vehicles.
● The major initiative of this boar on Transport and Power generation are:
1.Green Initiative for Future Transport (GIFT)
2.Green Initiative for Power Generation (GIP)
Estimated Hydrogen Requirement for Fueling one Million vehicles

Item Bus 3-Wheeler Car Total

Range (km/day)
250 150 150

Mileage (km/kg of H2)

10 50 90

H2 required (kg/day/vehicle)
25 3 1.7

No. of vehicles
200000 400000 400000 1000000

Total Hydrogen required (kg/day)

5000000 1200000 666667 6866667

Total Hydrogen required

5000 1200 667 6867
(tonnes/day)
 Advantages

● Reduces emissions of CO
● Enables up to 5% savings in fuel
● Engines need minimum modification to run on HCNG.
● Ideal fuel for high load application and heavy-duty vehicles.
● Better performance due to higher octane rating of H2.
● The thermal efficiency and fuel economy is also increased by HCNG.
● It requires only a small hydrogen storage and a column for mixing of hydrogen.
 Disadvantages

● Current cost of H2 is more than the cost of Natural gas.

● HCNG supply and storage infrastructure is a big challenge.
● Emission testing of HCNG blends needs to be done with various ranges
of hydrogen.
● System performance and material compatibility needs to be taken
account.
Thank You Any Questions?
A Presentation By:
Devansh Gajjar (20BPE003)
Vraj Patel (20BPE007)
Tilak Patel (20BPE010)
Jay Patel (20BPE015)
Ankit Saraswat (20BPE022)
CREDITS: Diese Pratham Patel (20BPE039)
Präsentationsvorlage wurde von Slidesgo
Dakshvon
erstellt, inklusive Icons Joshi (20BPE040)
Flaticon und Infografiken & Bilder
Vishalvon
Bhoi (20BPE042)
Freepik
Raiwant Modh (20BPE062)
Sumit Tirgar (20BPE059)