SLIDES FOR Kenya July 2011

CFOT
PLEASE FEEL FREE TO DOWNLOAD THE FOA LOGO’S FROM THE FOA WEBSITE
AND USE THEM ON YOUR VEHICLES, BUSINESS CARDS, QUOTES etc
 COPPER

Cat 5e 100Mb/s 100m

Cat 6 1000Mb/s 100m (1 Gb/s)
Cat 6a 10 000Mb/s 100m (10Gb/s)

FIBER

Multi Mode (MM) 100 Mb/s 3km

1000 Mb/s 1km (1 Gb/s)

10 000 Mb/s 550m (10 Gb/s)

Single mode (SM) 1000 Mb/s 120km (1 Gb/s)

10 000 Mb/s 60km (10 Gb/s)

 Components

Patch panel

Patch lead

Media converter

Cat 5e
 Fiber Design

Core
Cladding

Core Cladding Coating Strength Jacket

Members
 Graded Index MM

Highest
refractive
index

in the centre of the core…slowing down the lower order

modes allowing the higher order modes to catch-up

Step-Index MM
 Fiber Performance
Attenuation vs. Wavelength

 Fiber loss is function of

wavelength
 Absorption is in bands
1 and 10 Gb/s Fiber Type vs. Reach
LO 50µm
(OM4)

1,100

550

¹Mode Conditioning Patch-cords required

 NUMERICAL APERTURE MODE-FIELD DIAMETER

 NA describes the maximum angle at  MFD defines the size of the power
which a particular fiber can accept light distribution
that will be transmitted through it  MFD measurements can be found
 You cannot mix and match fibers! on product spec sheets
 SM to MM fiber = 20 dB loss  G655 MFD = 8.6 to 9.6µm
 G652 MFD = 8 to 11µm
 HYBRID Amplifiers (DWDM)

Erbium amplification
Raman amplification
Composite gain curve

Erbium fiber gain

Gain Raman amplifier gain

1530 nm Wavelength 1600 nm

 CWDM & DWDM Page 21-22

 CWDM = 18 wavelengths onto one fiber

Spaced in 20 nm increments

 DWDM = 80 wavelengths onto one fiber
Spaced in 0.8 nm increments


 The price of the CWDM transmitter is about a 1/4 of the price of a CWDM
DWDM transmitter

 No amplification equipment for CWDM available, limiting distances

to 2 options; 40 and 80 km

DWDM
Requires no electrical power
PASSIVE
 SUMMARY
Cable Type Application Advantages
Tight Buffer Premises Makes rugged patch cords
Short, dry conduit runs, risers and plenums terminated
Distribution Premises
inside junction boxes
Building cable for conduit, riser and plenum runs - easy
Breakout Premises
to terminate, no hardware needed
Loose tube Outside Plant Rugged - ideal for outside plant trunking applications
Armored Outside Plant Prevents rodent damage - direct buried outside plant
Ribbon Outside Plant High fiber count in small diameter

900 micron’s
 Popular Connector Ferrule Diameters
2.5mm ferrule
FC
1.25mm ferrule

ST LX.5

LC
SC

E2000
 Note! Use only connectors with a FOCIS doc

Outlines the key dimensions of a connector and transceiver interface so that connectors from different vendors will inter-mate

FOCIS 1: Biconic
FOCIS 10: Lucent LC
FOCIS 2: ST FOCIS 11: SCDC (not yet approved)
FOCIS 3: SC FOCIS 12: MT-RJ
FOCIS 4: FC FOCIS 13: SFOC, LX-5
FOCIS 5: MTP/MPO
FOCIS 6: Panduit FJ FOCIS 14: SMC-SB
FOCIS 7: 3M Volition FOCIS 15: MF
FOCIS 8: Mini-MAC (Withdrawn) FOCIS 16: LSH (E2000)
FOCIS 9: Mini MPO (Withdrawn)
FOCIS 17: MU
 SPLICING
Fusion & Mechanical

Index matching gel

 Fiber Optic Cable Color Scheme
Fiber # Color Code

Color-coding enables you to identify 1 Blue

2 Orange
individual fibers in the cable. 3 Green
4 Brown
5 Slate
6 White
7 Red
8 Black
9 Yellow
10 Violet
11 Rose
12 Aqua
dB to Watts

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 Calculating Losses
Patch panel Patch panel
1 x connector 1 x connector
1 x splice 1 x splice

1 x splice

Power budget = TX(min)-RX(min)

Loss budget = total fiber attenuation (dB/km (wavelength) x km’s)

+ total splice attenuation (0.2dB x # of splices)
+ total connector attenuation (0.5dB x # of connectors)
+ 3 dB (safety margin)

Distance = power budget – (loss budget-fiber attenuation)

fiber attenuation per km (dB/km)

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 Calculating Losses Splice loss = 0.2dB
Connector loss = 0.5 dB

Patch panel
Patch panel 1 x connector
1 x connector 1 x splice
1 x splice
1 x splice

1 km

1Gb/s transceiver wavelength (850nm) TX min (-8.5dBm) TX max (-3.5dBm) Rx min (-18dBm) Rx max (+1dBm)

Fiber types OM1 850nm ( 3dB/km) 1300nm ( 1dB/km)

OM2 ( 3dB/km) ( 1dB/km)
OM3 ( 3dB/km) ( 1dB/km)

Power budget = TXmin -RXmin

Loss budget = total fiber attenuation (dB/km (@”wavelength” )x km’s)

+ total splice attenuation (0.2dB x # of splices)
+ total connector attenuation (0.5dB x # of connectors)
+ 3 dB (safety margin)

Distance = power budget – (loss budget-fiber attenuation)

fiber attenuation per km (dB/km)
19
 Calculating Losses Splice loss = 0.2dB
Connector loss = 0.5 dB

Patch panel
Patch panel 1 x connector
1 x connector 1 x splice
1 x splice
1 x splice

1 km

1Gb/s transceiver wavelength (850nm) TX min (-8.5dBm) TX max (-3.5dBm) Rx min (-18dBm) Rx max (+1dBm)

Fiber types OM1 850nm (3dB/km) 1300nm (1dB/km)

OM2 (3dB/km) (1dB/km)
OM3 (3dB/km) ( 1dB/km)

Power budget = TX min –RX min ( -8.5dBm) – (-18dBm) = 9.5dB

Loss budget = total fiber attenuation (-dB/km “wavelength” x km’s) 3dB/km x 1km = 3dB
+ total splice attenuation (-0.2dB x # of splices) 0.2dB x 3 = 0.6dB
+ total connector attenuation (-0.5dB x # of connectors) 0.5dB x 2 = 1dB
+ 3 dB (safety margin) = 3dB
total = 7.6dB

Distance = power budget – (loss budget-fiber attenuation) 9.5dB – ( 7.6dB - 3dB) = 4.9dB = 1.6333km
fiber attenuation per km (dB/km) 3dB/km 3 dB/km
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 Fiber Optic Testing
 Continuity testing with visual tracer/fault locator
 Visual inspection with a microscope
 Optical power with a power meter
 Insertion loss with source and meter
– Required by all network and cabling standards to assure
network operation

 OTDR testing
– Splice verification
– Finding faults
– Certification
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22
 Macro bend Fusion Splice
1310

1550

1625

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A HUGE

Ps. a special thanks to

all you guys
You were all awesome

Joe Botha
CFOSD/L
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