Choose the service you need.

SERVICE MODELS
 A Simple Analogy

Say, you just moved to a city

and you are looking for a
place to live.
 What is your choice ?

Built a new house ?

Buy an empty house ?
Live in a hotel ?
Let’s built a new house !!
You can fully control everything your like
your new house to have. But that is a
hard work …
If you buy an empty house ?

You can customize some part of

your house. But never change
the original architecture.
How about live in a hotel ?
Live in a hotel will be a good idea if the
only thing you care is enjoy your life!!
There is nothing you can do with the
house except living in it.
 Let’s translate to
Cloud Computing !!
 Service Models Overview
• What if you want to have an IT department ?
 Similar to build a new house in previous analogy
• You can rent some virtualized infrastructure and build up your own IT
system among those resources, which may be fully controlled.
• Technical speaking, use the Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) solution.
 Similar to buy an empty house in previous analogy
• You can directly develop your IT system through one cloud platform,
and do not care about any lower level resource management.
• Technical speaking, use the Platform as a Service (PaaS) solution.
 Similar to live in a hotel in previous analogy
• You can directly use some existed IT system solutions, which were
provided by some cloud application service provider, without knowing
any detail technique about how these service was achieved.
• Technical speaking, use the Software as a Service (SaaS) solution.
Service Model Overview
Infrastructure as a Service
Platform as a Service
Software as a Service

SERVICE MODELS
 Infrastructure as a Service
• Infrastructure as a Service - IaaS
 The capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing,
storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources
where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software,
which can include operating systems and applications.
 The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud
infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage,
deployed applications, and possibly limited control of select
networking components .
• Examples :
 Amazon EC2
 Eucalyputs
 OpenNebula
 … etc
 Infrastructure as a Service
• System architecture :
 Infrastructure as a Service
• Enabling technique - Virtualization
 Virtualization is an abstraction of logical resources away from
underlying physical resources.
• Virtualization technique shift OS onto hypervisor.
• Multiple OS share the physical hardware and provide different services.
• Improve utilization, availability, security and convenience.

VM1 VM2 VM3

 Infrastructure as a Service

• Properties supported by virtualization technique :

 Manageability and Interoperability
 Availability and Reliability
 Scalability and Elasticity
 Infrastructure as a Service
• Provide service –Resource Management Interface
 Several types of virtualized resource :
• Virtual Machine – As an IaaS provider, we should be able to provide the
basic virtual machine operations, such as creation, suspension, resumption
and termination, …etc.
• Virtual Storage – As an IaaS provider, we should be able to provide the
basic virtual storage operations, such as space allocation, space release,
data writing and data reading, …etc.
• Virtual Network – As an IaaS provider, we should be able to provide the
basic virtual network operations, such as IP address allocation, domain
name register, connection establishment and bandwidth provision, …etc.
 Infrastructure as a Service
• Provide service – System Monitoring Interface
 Several types of monitoring metrics :
• Virtual Machine – As an IaaS provider, we should be able to monitor some
system states of each virtual machine, such as CPU loading, memory
utilization, IO loading and internal network loading, …etc.
• Virtual Storage – As an IaaS provider, we should be able to monitor some
storage states of each virtual storage, such as virtual space utilization,
data duplication and storage device access bandwidth, …etc.
• Virtual Network – As an IaaS provider, we should be able to monitor some
network states of each virtual network, such as virtual network
bandwidth, network connectivity and network load balancing, …etc.
 IaaS - Summary
• IaaS is the deployment platform that abstract the infrastructure.

• IaaS enabling technique

 Virtualization
• Server Virtualization
• Storage Virtualization
• Network Virtualization

• IaaS provided services

 Resource Management Interface
 System Monitoring Interface
Infrastructure as a Service
Platform as a Service
Software as a Service

SERVICE MODELS
 Platform as a Service
• Platform as a Service - PaaS
 The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the
cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications
created using programming languages and tools supported by
the provider.
 The consumer does not manage or control the underlying
cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating
systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed
applications and possibly application hosting environment
configurations.
• Examples :
 Microsoft Windows Azure
 Google App Engine
 Hadoop
 … etc
 Platform as a Service
• System architecture :
 Platform as a Service
• Enabling technique – Runtime Environment Design
 Runtime environment refers to collection of software services
available. Usually implemented by a collection of program
libraries.
• Common properties in Runtime Environment :
 Manageability and Interoperability
 Performance and Optimization
 Availability and Reliability
 Scalability and Elasticity
 Platform as a Service
• Provide service – Programming IDE
 Users make use of programming IDE to develop their service
among PaaS.
• This IDE should integrate the full functionalities which supported from
the underling runtime environment.
• This IDE should also provide some development tools, such as profiler,
debugger and testing environment.
 The programming APIs supported from runtime environment may
be various between different cloud providers, but there are still
some common operating functions.
• Computation, storage and communication resource operation
 Platform as a Service
• Provide service – System Control Interface
 Police-Based Control
• Typically described as a principle or rule to guide decisions and achieve
rational outcome(s)
• Make the decision according to some requirements
 Workflow Control
• Describe the flow of installation and configuration of resources
• Workflow processing daemon delivers speedy and efficient construction
and management of cloud resources
 PaaS - Summary
• PaaS is the development platform that abstract the infrastructure,
OS, and middleware to drive developer productivity.

• PaaS enabling technique

 Runtime Environment

• PaaS provide services

 Programming IDE
• Programming APIs
• Development tools
 System Control Interface
• Policy based approach
• Workflow based approach
Infrastructure as a Service
Platform as a Service
Software as a Service

SERVICE MODELS
 Software as a Service
• Software as a Service - SaaS
 The capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider’s
applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The
applications are accessible from various client devices through a
thin client interface such as a web browser (e.g., web-based
email).
 The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud
infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems,
storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the
possible exception of limited user-specific application
configuration settings.
• Examples :
 Google Apps (e.g., Gmail, Google Docs, Google sites, …etc)
 SalesForce.com
 EyeOS
 … etc
Software as a Service
 Software as a Service
• Enabling Technique – Web Service
 Web 2.0 is the trend of using the full potential of the web
• Viewing the Internet as a computing platform
• Running interactive applications through a web browser
• Leveraging interconnectivity and mobility of devices
• Enhanced effectiveness with greater human participation
• Properties provided by Internet :
 Accessibility and Portability
 Software as a Service
• Provide service – Web-based Applications
 Conventional applications should translate their access interface
onto web-based platform.
 Applications in different domains
• General Applications – Applications which are designed for general
propose, such as office suit, multimedia and instant message, …etc.
• Business Applications – Application which are designed for business
propose, such as ERP, CRM and market trading system, …etc.
• Scientific Applications – Application which are designed for scientific
propose, such as aerospace simulation and biochemistry simulation, …etc.
• Government Applications – Applications which are designed for
government propose, such as national medical system and public
transportation system service, …etc.
 Software as a Service
• Provide service – Web Portal
 Apart from the standard search engine feature, web portals offer
other services such as e-mail, news, stock prices, information,
databases and entertainment.
 Portals provide a way for enterprises to provide a consistent look
and feel with access control and procedures for multiple
applications and databases, which otherwise would have been
different entities altogether.
 Some examples :
• iGoogle
• MSNBC
• Netvibes
• Yahoo!
 SaaS - Summary
• SaaS is the finished applications that you rent and customize.

• SaaS enabling technique

 Web Service

• SaaS provide services

 Web-based Applications
• General applications
• Business applications
• Scientific applications
• Government applications
 Web Portal
How to deploy a cloud system ?

DEPLOYMENT MODELS
 Deployment Model
• There are four primary cloud deployment models :
 Public Cloud
 Private Cloud
 Community Cloud
 Hybrid Cloud

• Each can exhibit the previously discussed characteristics;

their differences lie primarily in the scope and access of
published cloud services, as they are made available to
service consumers.
 Public Cloud
• Public cloud definition
 The cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or
a large industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud
services.
 Also known as external cloud or multi-tenant cloud, this model
essentially represents a cloud environment that is openly accessible.
 Basic characteristics :
• Homogeneous infrastructure
• Common policies
• Shared resources and multi-tenant
• Leased or rented infrastructure
• Economies of scale
 Private Cloud
• Private cloud definition
 The cloud infrastructure is operated solely for an organization. It
may be managed by the organization or a third party and may exist
on premise or off premise.
 Also referred to as internal cloud or on-premise cloud, a private
cloud intentionally limits access to its resources to service
consumers that belong to the same organization that owns the
cloud.
 Basic characteristics :
• Heterogeneous infrastructure
• Customized and tailored policies
• Dedicated resources
• In-house infrastructure
• End-to-end control
 Public vs. Private
• Comparison :

Public Cloud Private Cloud

Infrastructure Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Policy Model Common defined Customized & Tailored
Resource Model Shared & Multi-tenant Dedicated
Cost Model Operational expenditure Capital expenditure
Economy Model Large economy of scale End-to-end control
 Community Cloud
• Community cloud definition
 The cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and
supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g.,
mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance
considerations).
 Hybrid Cloud
• Hybrid cloud definition
 The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds
(private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are
bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that
enables data and application
portability (e.g., cloud bursting
for load-balancing between
clouds).
Cloud Ecosystem
 Summary
• What is cloud computing in your mind
 Clear or Cloudy?

• Cloud computing is a new paradigm shift of computing

• Cloud computing can provide high quality of properties
and characteristics based on essentially central ideas

• Service models and deployment models provide services

that can be used to
 Rent fundamental computing resources
 Deploy and develop customer-created applications on clouds
 Access provider’s applications over network (wired or wireless)
Architectural Layers of Cloud Computing

In the cloud computing stack, there are three basic layers

that together create cloud environment. They are:

1.Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS) SaaS

2.Platform as a Service (PaaS) PaaS
3.Software as a Service (SaaS) IaaS
Service Delivery Model
Examples
Amazo Googl Microso Salesforc
n e ft e

Saa
S

Paa
S

IaaS

Products and companies shown for illustrative purposes only and should not
be construed as an endorsement
Framework of cloud computing
Application Services and built in functionality

Developments tools
Platform
Basic middleware
(database services , application server )
Virtualized resources Virtualized images
Compute Networking Image Metadata
Infrastructure
Storage Image

Software kernel (OS. VM Manager)

Hardware
Virtual infrastructure management and
Cloud Computing

For building the cloud environment a variety of

requirements must be met to provide a uniform and
homogeneous view of the virtualized resources.

Virtual Infrastructure Management is the key

component to build the cloud environment which does
the dynamic orchestration of virtual machines on a pool
of physical resources.
Virtual infrastructure management
and Cloud Computing

Virtual infrastructure management provide primitives

to schedule and manage VMs across multiple physical
hosts.

Cloud management provide remote and secure

interface for creating controlling and monitoring
virtualized resources on IaaS.
 View of Cloud Deployment
Cloud Client
Application Infrastructure

Application
SaaS

Application
Virtualized
Service

PaaS
Platfor
m

IaaS Storage
Infrastructure
 Software as a Service

 It is a Deployment/Delivery model
• Hosted and managed by vendor
• Delivered across the internet

 It is a Business Model : usage-based pricing(vs.

perpetual license model of on –premise
software).Examples:
• Per user per month
• Per transaction
• Per GB of storage per month
 Software as a Service

Architectural Functional
 Multi-tenancy  Provisioning
 Scalability  Billing
 Security  Metering
 Performance  Monitoring
 MULTI-TENANCY

 Multi-tenancy is an architectural pattern

 A single instance of the software is run on the service
provider’s infrastructure
 Multiple tenants access the same instance.
 In contrast to the multi-user model, multi-tenancy
requires customizing the single instance according to the
multi-faceted requirements of many tenants.
 MULTI-TENANCY
A Multi-tenants application lets customers (tenants) share
the same hardware resources, by offering them one shared
application and database instance ,while allowing them to
configure the application to fit there needs as if it runs on
dedicated environment.

These definition focus on what we believe to be the key

aspects of multi tenancy:
1.The ability of the application to share hardware
resources.
2.The offering of a high degree of configurability of the
software.
3.The architectural approach in which the tenants make
use of a single application and database instance.
 Multi-tenants Deployment Modes for
Application Server
Fully isolated Application server Application Server
Each tenant accesses an application
Tenant A
server running on a dedicated servers.
Application server
Tenant B
Virtualized Application Server Application server Virtual
Each tenant accesses a dedicated Tenant A machine
application running on a separate virtual
Virtual
machine. machine
Tenant B
Application server
Shared Virtual Server
Each tenant accesses a dedicated Tenant A
Virtual
application server running on a shared machine
virtual machine.
Tenant B

Shared Application Server

Session thread
The tenant shared the application server Tenant A
and access application resources through Application Server
separate session or threads.
Tenant B
Session Thread
 Multi-tenants Deployment Modes in Data Centers
Fully isolated data center
The tenants do not share any data Tenant A
center resources
Tenant B
Virtualized servers Virtual
The tenants share the same host Tenant A Machine Database

but access different databases

running on separate virtual
Virtual
machines Machine
Database
Tenant B
Shared Server
The tenants share the same server
(Hostname or IP) but access Tenant A
different databases
Tenant B
Shared Database
The tenants share the same server
and database (shared or different Tenant A
ports) but access different
schema(tables)
Tenant B
Shared Schema
The tenants share the same server,
Tenant A
database and schema (tables). The
irrespective data is segregated by
key and rows.
Tenant B
 Conceptual framework of Software as a Service
Presentation Menu and Navigation User Controls Display and Rendering Reporting

Security Application Engine Operation

Identity and federation Workflow Monitoring and
User Profile
Altering
Authentication and Notification and Execution Backup and Restore
Single Sign on Subscription Handling

Authorization and Metadata Provisioning

Orchestration
Role-based Access Execution
Control Engine Configuration and
Customization
Metadata
Entitlement Performance and
Services
Data Availability
Encryption Messaging Synchronization
Metering and Indicators

Regularity Controls

Infrastructure
Database Storage Computer Networking and
Communications
Migrating to Cloud Environment

The Software can be redeployed in cloud

environment as Software as a Service (SaaS).
The main sections of the software can be
mapped to the SaaS architecture.
Payroll Processing in Cloud Computing

Many State Government departments are utilizing

standardized set up of payroll packages which are
deployed at user locations and it is amounting huge
investment on procurement of hardware and software
and maintenance for various locations of the
organization.
Payroll Software Installed at more than
300 locations

User Software Module

Standalone Loaded on PC
 Drawbacks

Drawbacks :
 Software Maintenance problems.
 Individual Hardware is required.
 Often Data Loss occurs.
Migrating the payroll package, to cloud
environment can be worked out without
changing business logic.
 IN CLOUD

User-1

Software
Single Instance
Module
Multi-tenancy

User-1 User-3
 Architectural Overview for Multi-
Client
tenancy
Authentication

Request
HTTP
Ticket Server
Create Ticket()
Authentication Module Session Ticket
Tenant Token Tenant Auth
+ Create Ticket() Data

Configuration
Layout Component
Single-tenant
Configuration Component Tenant
business logic Config
File I/O Component
Data
Data

Workflow Component
Query

Database
Query Adjuster Load Balancer Record Initializer

Database Pool

Data Data Data

Provisioning for new tenants

• For Separate server model new machine is to be

installed.
• For separate database model create a database
start it on a server.
• For separate schema and shared schema models
scripts / stored procedure could create new
schema in one of the existing databases.
 Background of the Application
The existing application, which is implemented in state
government departments, is having the following main
sections:

 Data admin
 Master data entry
 Month process
 Token no. entry
 Reports
 Back up to system

The existing package is deployed in the user premises and

found difficult in regular software maintenance and
overhead costs for the infrastructure requirements.
The application is ideally suited to deploy in cloud environment
with following features:

 The application can be taken up as a single instance and multi-

tenant model

 Configurability option in the software is required to be provided.

Configurability in SaaS enables the flexibility to access the software
by many tenants with the option of configuring each tenant for their
application needs.

 The software will have configurability for the following :

1.User interface.
2.Workflow.
3.Data.
4.Access control.
 SaaS Applications
User requirements / Use cases Type of environment in cloud Impact

Payroll processing IaaS (VM) 1. Processing time will be reduced.

Cloud storage and 2. Hardware requirements will be
SaaS reduced.
3. Number of users can be increased
with scalability.
4. Maintenance cost will be reduced.

Project Management PaaS and Cloud storage 1. Processing time can be reduced.
2. Project execution time and cost
can be reduced.
3. Efficient way of utilization of
skill sets and manpower can be
attained.
e-Governance & Office automation IaaS 1. Hardware cost can be reduced.
Cloud storage 2. CPU processing time can be
SaaS reduced.
3. Accountability can be maintained.
4. Maintainance cost can be
reduced.
5. Reduces energy consumption.

e-Learning Cloud storage 1. Hardware cost can be reduced.

IaaS 2. CPU processing time can be
PaaS reduced.
SaaS 3. Accountability can be maintained.
4. Maintainance cost can be
reduced.
 SOA and Cloud Computing
In cloud environment we adopt the bundling of resources
into layers of
Saas
Paas
Iaas
And further add a layer for business process management
with the concept of service oriented architecture(SOA).
SOA is a base for further building of cloud environment for
composite application with work flow concepts.