Web development

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Web development

Course objectives
By completing this course, you will:

 Define what is Internet.

You will be able to describe
evolution Internet.

 Define the client / server model.

You will be able to explain the
connection mode of Internet.

 Define what is W3C

You will be able to describe the
history and purpose of the W3C.
Web development

Course topics
Course’s plan:

 Presentation and history of

Internet.
 Client / Server.
 The W3C.
Web development

Presentation and history of

Internet

With discovered Internet

Presentation and history of Internet

Preview
Here the chapters which we will approach:
 Internet.
 World Wide Web.
 History.
Presentation and history of Internet

Internet

 Internet is a public worldwide

computer network system.
 Use the standard Internet Protocol
Suite (TCP/IP).
 Network of networks
 Public access to many resources
and services.
Presentation and history of Internet

World Wide Web

 Abbreviated as WWW.
 Commonly known as the Web.
 Interlinked hypertext documents
accessed via the Internet.
 May contain
 Text
 Images
 Videos
 Etc…
Presentation and history of Internet

Uniform Resource Identifier

URI : String of characters used to identify a resource on
the Internet

Protocol used
Name of the
by server. Domain name.
resource.

Protocol Site File

http://www. webdev.com/Accueil/index.html

Sub Domain Path

Path of access
to a resource.
Presentation and history of Internet

Uniform Resource Identifier

URI = URL + URN

Uniform Resource Identifier

URI

http://www.webdev.com/index.html

URL URN
Uniform Resource Locator Uniform Resource Name
Presentation and history of Internet

HTML : The Web Language

 HyperText Markup Language.

 Permit to format a document.
 Descriptive language.
 Hypertext concept.
 Easy to use.
 Light Format.
 Current version : 4.01
Presentation and history of Internet

XHTML

 eXtensible HyperText Markup Language.

 XML Markup Language.
 Extend versions of HTML.
 Need to be well-formed
 XML documents.
Presentation and history of Internet

History
1957 1966 1983
1995
Launch of ARPA become Europe and
More than
Spoutnik ARPANET the rest of the
30 million
– world are
users were
ARPA creation 1973 connected to
connected
TCP/IP creation Internet
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

1971 1983
1965 First e-mail DNS 1993
First long 15 websites The
distance connected CERN
connection develops
1969 1989
between two the first
First Network : World Wide Web
computers in navigator
Four US
California
Universities
connected
Web development

Client - Server
Client Server

The HTTP protocol

 HyperText Transfer Protocol.
 Communications protocol developed
for the Web.
 Request/Response protocol
 Client (browser).
 Server (Web server).
 Data transfer between a browser
and a Web server.
 Stateless

Others protocols

 ftp, pop, smtp …

Client Server

The HTTP protocol

The client transmits HTTP requests to the Web server to

1 reach a resource.

The Web server answers at the request of each client by a

2 HTML page or files.

2
Client Server

HTTP request message

 Composed of :
 A request line composed of :
 The request method used
 The resource URI
 The protocol and the version used
 Headers
 An empty line
 An optional message body
Client Server

HTTP request message

POST /en/html/index.html HTTP/1.1

Host: www.website.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows;en-GB; rv:1.8.0.11)
Accept: text/xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5
Accept-Language: en-gb,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate
Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
Keep-Alive: 300
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 39

name=MyName&male=yes
Client Server

HTTP request methods

 HTTP defines nine methods (or verbs) :

 GET : Request a representation of the resource.

 POST : Submit data to be processed to the identified
resource.
 Data is included in the request body.
 HEAD : Like GET but return response headers only.
 PUT : Uploads a representation of the specified
resource.
 DELETE : Deletes the specified resource.
…
Client Server

The Web Server

 Receives HTTP requests and

returns HTML pages or others.
 Carries out programs charged.
 Two servers dominate the market :
 Apache HTTP Server (59.36%).
 Microsoft IIS (22.70%).
Client Server

Browsers
Three main browsers

 Internet Explorer

 Mozilla Firefox

 Google Chrome
Client Server

Browsers
Others browsers …

Epiphany
Safari

Opera

Konqueror
...
Client Server

Browsers
Client Server

Exercises : HTTP (1/2)

 We’re going to try to send an HTTP request and watch
the HTTP response.
 If you use Google Chrome :
 Install Simple REST Client extension.
 https://chrome.google.com/extensions/detail/fhjcajmc
bmldlhcimfajhfbgofnpcjmb
 If you use Mozilla Firefox :
 Install RESTClient extension
 https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/9780/
 If you use anything else, it’s time to change 
 Or to look if another extension exists for your
browser.
Client Server

Exercises : HTTP (2/2)

 Try different request method on several websites
 http://www.google.fr
 http://www.w3.org/
 http://www.facebook.com/
 http://www.supinfo.com/
 Try to send a POST request
 To https://login.facebook.com/login.php
 With your credentials in request body
 Try with other websites of your choice
Web development

The W3C

Discovering internet normalizations.

The W3C

History of the W3C

What is the W3C?

 World Wide Web Consortium.

 Normalization organism.
 Created in 1994.
 Managed by MIT, ERCIM and Keio university.
The W3C

Purpose of the W3C

What is it ?

 He promotes:
 Web technologies compatibility
(recommandations).
 More informations : http://www.w3.org/
 He creats standards.
Web development

Course summary

The
The client/server
client/server
model
model ..

Internet
Internet and
and
its
its evolutions.
evolutions.

What
What is
is W3C.
W3C.
HTML

For more
If you want to go into these subjects more deeply, …

Publications

Premiers pas en CSS et XHTML

3e édition

Francis DRAILLARD

Available on Cyberlibris

http://library.supinfo.com/BookDetails.aspx?type=cyberlibris&docid=45006064

Web sites
http://www.openweb.eu.org
http://www.dipity.com/benobis/personal/?mode=fs