What is Cloud Computing (amazon.

com)
Cloud Elasticity

• Cloud Elasticity is the property of a cloud to grow or shrink capacity

for CPU, memory, and storage resources to adapt to the changing
demands of an organization.
• The elasticity in the Amazon cloud comes from the flexibility provided
by the hardware and software services.
• EC2 provides an environment for running virtual servers on demand.
S3 provides unlimited online storage space. Both EC2 and S3 are
supported in the AWS platform.
• Microsoft offers the Azure platform for cloud applications. It has also
supported the .NET service, dynamic CRM, Hotmail, and SQL
applications.(P-229, 238)
• In case of Resource Provisioning , the role of elasticity,
Uses of Elasticity

• Businesses that see a sudden spike in demand due to a popular product

introduction or social media boost, such as a streaming service like
Netflix adding VMs and storage to meet demand for a new release or
positive review.
• Scale infrastructure into the cloud for test and development activities
and tear it down once test/dev work is complete.
• Unplanned projects with short timelines
Benefits of Cloud Elasticity:

Agility (Quick) : By eliminating the need to purchase, configure, and install new
infrastructure when demand changes
Pay-as-needed pricing
Elasticity enables organizations to pay only for the resources that are in use at any given
point tin time, closely tracking IT expenditures to the actual demand in real-time.

High Availability:
Cloud elasticity facilitates both high availability and fault tolerance, since VMs or
containers can be replicated if they appear to be failing, helping to ensure that business
services are uninterrupted
Efficiency:
As with most automations, the ability to autonomously adjust cloud resources as needed
enables IT staff to shift their focus away from provisioning and onto projects that are
more beneficial to the organization.
Speed/Time-to-market: organizations have access to capacity in minutes instead of the
weeks or months it may take through a traditional procurement process.
On demand Provisioning

• On demand computing is a delivery model in which computing

resources are made available to the user as needed.
• On-demand computing is a business computing model in which
computing resources are made available to the user on an “as needed”
basis. Rather than all at once, on-demand computing allows cloud
hosting companies to provide their clients with access to computing
resources as they become necessary.
Demand Resource Provisioning Methods (P239)
• Demand-Driven Resource Provisioning
• Event-Driven Resource Provisioning
• adds or removes machine instances based on a specific time event.
• e number of users grows before the event period and then decreases during the event
period (During the festival period)
• scheme anticipates peak traffic before it happens
• minimal loss of QoS, if the event is predicted correctly
• Popularity-Driven Resource Provisioning
• Internet searches for popularity of certain applications and creates the instances by
popularity demand.
• scheme anticipates increased traffic with popularity
• Dynamic Resource Deployment
• Dynamic resource deployment can be implemented to achieve scalability in performance.
• InterGrid is a Java-implemented software system that lets users create execution cloud
environments on top of all participating grid resources.
• Peering arrangements established between gateways enable the allocation of resources
from multiple grids to establish the execution environment.
 Advantages of On demand Provisioning
• Developed to overcome the common challenge that enterprises encountered of not being able to
meet unpredictable, fluctuating computing demands efficiently

• Businesses today need to be agile and need the ability to scale resources easily and quickly based
on rapidly changing market needs.

• An enterprise’s demand for computing resources can vary dramatically from one period to
another, maintaining sufficient resources to meet peak requirements can be costly.

• with on-demand computing, companies can cut costs by maintaining minimal computing
resources until they run into the need to increase them while only paying for their use.
C lo u d C o m p o n en ts

• Clients: A cloud client is a computer program that runs on a user's device that depends on cloud
services for functionality.
• Cloud Clients allow a device with limited capabilities such as mobile phones to leverage cloud
services that have scalable resources such as computing cycles and data storage.
• The cloud client is dumb meaning without connection its useless.
Example : Car Navigation system is designed as cloud client.
Data Center Technology
• Grouping IT resources in close proximity with one another, rather than having
them geographically dispersed, allows for power sharing, higher efficiency in
shared IT resource usage, and improved accessibility for IT personnel. These
are the advantages that naturally popularized the data center concept.
• Modern data centers exist as specialized IT infrastructure used to house
centralized IT resources
• servers, databases, networking and telecommunication devices, and software systems.
• Data centers are typically comprised of the following technologies and components:
• Virtualization
• Standardization and modularity
• Automation
• Remote Operation and Management
• High Availability
• Security – Design , Operation and Management
Distributed Cloud servers
• A distributed cloud is an architecture where multiple clouds are used to
meet compliance needs, performance requirements, or support edge
computing while being centrally managed from the public cloud provider.
• The distributed cloud service provider ensures the end-to-end
management for the optimal placement of data, computing processes, and
network interconnections based on the above-mentioned requirements.
And it appears as a single solution from the cloud user’s point of view.
• A Content Delivery Network (CDN) is one example of a distributed
cloud, where storage (e.g., video content) is positioned in
geographically diverse regions to reduce the latency of delivery.
.
Working Process of Distributed Cloud Computing:
• users can demand that certain data remain within specific regions, or that a certain
performance target for latency or throughput be met.
• These are expressed as Service Level Agreements (SLA) between the user and the cloud
provider.
Examples of Distributed cloud computing
Intelligent Transport
• Automatically driven truck - moving in echelon can locally process the data from on-board
and road sensors to maintain a steady speed and separation between each other and other
vehicles, all while sending traffic and engine data back to a central cloud.
• monitored by a fleet management application in a regional cloud, which analyses data from
multiple vehicles to determine optimal routes and identify vehicles for maintenance.
Intelligent Caching
major over-the-top video service provider uses a central cloud to transcode and format videos
for different device types served over different networks.
5G base stations in dense urban areas for mobile viewing.
IAAS – Infrastructure as Service

• The IaaS - self-contained IT environment comprised of infrastructure-centric IT

resources
hardware, network, connectivity, operating systems
The user does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure, but has
control over the OS, storage, deployed applications, and possibly select networking
components.
The Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) in Example 4.1 shows how to provide Amazon EC2
clusters and S3 storage to multiple users.
Auto-scaling and elastic load balancing services can support related demands. Auto-
scaling enables users to automatically scale their VM instance capacity up or down..
Cloud providers will contract IaaS offerings from other cloud providers in order to
scale their own cloud environments.
VPC allows the user to isolate provisioned AWS processors, memory, and storage
from interference by other users.
The Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) in Example 4.1 shows how to provide Amazon EC2
clusters and S3 storage to multiple users.
IaaS – Cloud services
Amazon VPC( Virtual Private Cloud)-
Example1
 Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
• “ready-to-use” environment typically comprised of already deployed and
configured IT resources.
• Enables the user to deploy user-built applications onto a virtualized cloud platform.
PaaS includes middleware, databases, development tools.
• usage of a readymade environment that establishes a set of pre-packaged products
and tools used to support the entire delivery lifecycle of custom applications.
• supplies the API and software tools (e.g., Java, Python, Web 2.0, .NET).
• The cloud consumer wants to extend on-premise environments into the cloud for
scalability and economic purposes.
The platform includes both hardware and software integrated with specific
programming interfaces.
• The cloud consumer wants to become a cloud provider and deploys its own cloud
services to be made available to other external cloud consumers.
PAAS
Software-as-a-Service (SAAS)
• A software program positioned as a shared cloud service and made
available as a “product” or generic utility
• make a reusable cloud service
• A cloud consumer is generally granted very limited administrative
control over a SaaS implementation.
• An organization acting as a cloud consumer while using and working
with a PaaS environment can build a cloud service that it decides to
deploy in that same environment as a SaaS offering.
SAAS
Cloud Computing open source software
• Eucalyptus
• OpenNebula – Open Source Cloud & Edge Computing Platform
• Open Source Cloud Computing Infrastructure – OpenStack
• Manjrasoft – Products - Aneka open source cloud software
• International Calling and Text Me App - Cloud SIM App