SULFUR

SULFUR
• Sulfur is a chemical element with the symbol S and atomic
number 16. It is abundant, multivalent and nonmetallic.
Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic
molecules with a chemical formula S ₈. Elemental sulfur is a
bright yellow, crystalline solid at room temperature

• The credit for discovering sulfur is given to Hennig Brand

(1669), however it was identified as an element by Antoine
Lavoisier in 1777. But scholars believe that no single person
was responsible for discovering this non-metallic element
because it has been in usage since ancient times for alchemy
and other purposes.
HISTORY
• Sulfur is also known as brimstones or
“burning stones” has a long history dating
back to ancient times.

• It has used by ancient Egyptians in their

medical practices, and a fumigation agent.

• In ancient Greece, sulfur was used in

religious rituals and as fumigant to purify
homes.
 Abundance and Isotopes

Abundance of Sulfur
Sulfur - tenth most abundant element in the
universe.
- 5th most abundant element in the Earth's crust.
Where can sulfur be found?
1. Volcanic Regions 2. Minerals like gypsum & pyrite
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 Abundance and Isotopes
Sulfur (¹⁶S)
Naturally occurring isotopes
1. Sulfur-32(32S)- Most common isotope
- 95% of natural sulfur.
. - 16 protonsYour
and 16textneutrons in its nucleus
paragraph

2. Sulfur-34 (34S) - 4%of natural sulfur and 18 neutrons

3. Sulfur-33 (33S) - 0.75% of natural sulfur respectively
- 17 neutrons
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
PROPERTIES OF SULFUR
E L E M E N T W / AT O M I C N O N M E TA L T H AT I S
NUMBER 16 H I G H LY R E A C T I V E

I T I S Y E L L O W, S O L I D
FOUND IN GROUP PROPERTIES AT R O O M
16(VIA) OF THE
P E R I O D I C TA B L E OF SULFUR T E M P E R AT U R E A N D
PRESSURE

COMMON ALLOTROPES
CAN ALSO EXIST AS
1. ROMBHIC SULPHUR LIQUID OR GAS
2. MONOCLINIC SULPHUR
2 COMMON ALLOTROPES

1. Rhombic sulphur (a sulphur) - is defined as a

crystalline in nature and has an octahedral shape.
On heating the roll sulphur solution present in
the CS2, we get rhombic sulphur. It is yellow in
colour with a specific gravity 2.06 and melting
point of 385.8K. Rhombic sulphur compounds
cannot be dissolved in water, but they can be
dissolved in ether, benzene, or alcohol.
2 COMMON ALLOTROPES

2. Monoclinic Sulphur (β-sulphur)When we

melt rhombic sulphur using a dish, we obtain
monoclinic sulphur after cooling it. In this
specific process, we put two holes in the crust
and pour out the rest of the liquid. After this
process, when the crust is removed, we get the
colourless needle-shaped crystals of β-sulphur.
PRODUCTION

01 02 03

Most common method of

produced by mining mining sulfur
sulfur deposit which Frasch Process- Is also produce as a
involved injecting how water
are found in many into the sulfur deposits to melt
by product of:
parts of the world the sulfur deposit and then • Petroleum
pumping it into the surface • Natural Gas
USES
At Present: Sulfur is use in numerous industries

Agriculture Manufacturing

Pharmaceuticals
Sulfur Compound are use in:

Fertilizers Pesticide

Production of Rubber Production of

detergents
 Used in variety of industrial applications

Manufacturer of
Sulfuric acid Rubber gun powder

Fertilizers Matches Fireworks

 USES OF SULFUR IN THE PRODUCTION OF:
atches
They consisted of wooden splints or sticks of cardboard coated with sulfur and
tipped with a mixture of sulfide of antimony, chlorate of potash, and gum. The
treatment with sulfur helped the splints to catch fire, and the odor was improved by
the addition of camphor.
unpowder
Sulfur is an additional fuel. The main reason that sulfur is included in the mixture is
to make the powder burn faster. It does this primarily by speeding up the ignition
process. Gunpowder contains 75% nitre and 10% Sulphur.
bber
Rubber is often processed with heat and sulfur during production to improve its
physical properties. A process known as vulcanization, it makes the rubber stronger
as well as more elastic.
 USES OF SULFUR IN THE PRODUCTION OF:
Fireworks
• When heated, the sulfur ignites first, which in turn burns the charcoal fuel, raising the
temperature to the point that it literally tears the nitrate molecules apart, releasing the oxygen
which aids the combustion.
Fertilizers
• Sulfur is an essential nutrient for plant growth, and its deficiency can lead to reduced crop
yields and lower-quality produce. Sulfur-containing fertilizers, such as elemental sulfur,
sulfuric acid, and sulfate salts, are used to supplement the sulfur content in soils.
Detergents
• Sulfuric Acid is the main ingredient in laundry detergent and it is used to remove oils, dirt,
and stains from the clothes. A good detergent should have a minimum of four percent
H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) in it.
Sulfuric acid
• When sulfur is burned in air, sulfur dioxide is formed, and this, when combined with water,
gives sulfurous acid. To form sulfuric acid, the dioxide is combined with oxygen to form the
trioxide, which is then combined with water.
RESEARCHES
The incessant demand for concrete is predicted to increase due to the fast
construction developments worldwide. This demand requires a huge volume of
cement production that could cause an ecological issue such as increasing the rates of
CO2 emissions in the atmosphere. This motivated several scholars to search for
various alternatives for cement and one of such alternatives is called sulfur-based
concrete.
Sulfur-based concrete, often referred to as sulfur
concrete, is a type of concrete in which elemental
sulfur is used as a binding agent instead of traditional
cement. It has certain advantages, such as resistance
to certain chemicals and high-temperature
applications. Sulfur concrete is commonly used in
specialized applications like industrial flooring, acid-
resistant linings, and in the construction of chemical
processing plants where its unique properties are
beneficial.
RESEARCHES
Sulfur modified concrete outperforms
conventional concrete in terms of
rapid gain of early strength, low
shrinkage, low thermal conductivity,
high durability resistance and excellent
adhesion. On the basis of mentioned
superior characteristics of sulfur-based
concrete, it can be applied as a leading
construction material for underground
utility systems, dams and offshore
structures.
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