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Laryngitis

Laryngitis is inflammation of the larynx caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal infections, inhaled irritants, overuse of the vocal cords, or gastroesophageal reflux. It results in swelling of the laryngeal mucosa and underlying structures. Symptoms include hoarseness, cough, difficulty swallowing or breathing, and a burning throat. Treatment focuses on voice rest, steam inhalation, cough suppressants, and treating any underlying causes like acid reflux or infection.

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virendra singh
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87 views11 pages

Laryngitis

Laryngitis is inflammation of the larynx caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal infections, inhaled irritants, overuse of the vocal cords, or gastroesophageal reflux. It results in swelling of the laryngeal mucosa and underlying structures. Symptoms include hoarseness, cough, difficulty swallowing or breathing, and a burning throat. Treatment focuses on voice rest, steam inhalation, cough suppressants, and treating any underlying causes like acid reflux or infection.

Uploaded by

virendra singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LARYNGITIS

DEFINITION

It is the inflammation
of larynx leading to
oedema of laryngeal
mucosa and
underlying structures.
ETIOLOGY
INFECTIOUS:
 Viral laryngitis can be caused by rhinovirus, influenza
virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, coronavirus, and RSV.
 Bacterial laryngitis can be caused by group A
streptococcus, streptococcus pneumoniae, C. diphtheriae, M.
catarrhalis,haemophilus influenzae, bordetella pertussis, and M.
tuberculosis.
 Fungal laryngitis can be caused by Histoplasma,
Candida (especially in immunocompromised persons)
NON INFECTIOUS
 Inhaled fumes
 Acid reflux disease
 Allergies
 Excessive coughing, smoking, or alcohol consumption.
 Inflammation due to overuse of the vocal cords
 Prolonged use of inhaled corticosteroids for asthma treatment
 Thermal or chemical burns
 Laryngeal trauma, including iatrogenic one caused by
endotracheal intubation
Predisposing factors
 Smoking
 Psychological strain
 Physical stress
 Acid reflux
 Frequent sinus infectionsr

 Types – acute (less then 3 weeks)and


chronic (more than 3 weeks )
Pathophysiology

 Due to etiological factors


 The mucosa of the larynx becomes congested
and may become oedematous.
 A fibrinous exudate may occur on the surface.
 Signs and symptoms
 Sometimes infection involves the perichondrium
of laryngeal cartilages producing perichondritiis.
 Husky, high pitched voice.
 Body aches, Fever, Malaise.
 Dysphonia (hoarseness) or aphonia (inability to speak)
 Dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing)
 Dyspnea (difficulty in breathing), predominantly in children
 Dry, burning throat
 Dry irritating paroxysmal cough.
 Cold or flu-like symptoms
 Swollen lymph nodes in the throat, chest, or face CLINICAL
 Hemoptysis (coughing out blood)
FEATURES
 Increased production of saliva.
 Signs of acute URTI.
 Dry thick sticky secretions.
 Dusky red and swollen vocal cords.
 congestion of laryngeal mucosa.
TREATMENT
SUPPORTIVE
 Voice rest.
 Steam inhalation.
 Cough suppressants.
 Avoid smoking and cold climet.
 Fluid intake.
TREATMENT
DEFINITIVE
 If laryngitis due to gastroesophageal reflux, an H2-
inhibitor (ranitidine) or proton-pump inhibitor
(omeprazole) is used to reduce gastric acid secretions.
 If laryngitis is caused by thermal or chemical burns,
steroids are used.
 In viral laryngitis, drinking sufficient fluids will be helpful.
 If laryngitis is due to a bacterial or fungal infection,
appropriate antibiotic or antifungal therapy is given.
To improve vocal hygiene
 Drinking lot of fluids - Drink 7-9 glasses of water per day;
herbal tea and chicken soup also provides soothing effect.
 maintaining good general health - Exercise regularly.
 Avoiding smoking - They are bad for the heart, lungs and
vocal tract.
 Eating a balanced diet - Include vegetables, fruits and whole
grain foods.
 Avoid dry, artificial interior climates.
 Do not eat late at night - may have problems when stomach
acid backs up on the vocal cords.
 Use a humidifier to assist with hydration.

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