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Problem Solving PPT Neww2023

This document outlines the key aspects of problem solving that nursing students will learn about. It defines problem solving as an active process that starts with identifying a problem and ends with a solution. It differentiates problem solving from decision making, noting that problem solving focuses on analyzing and solving an immediate problem, while decision making involves choosing between alternatives. The document then discusses the levels of decisions, sources of problems in problem identification, and the 7 steps of the problem solving process: 1) identify the problem 2) gather data 3) explore alternatives 4) evaluate alternatives 5) select a solution 6) implement the solution and 7) evaluate results.

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Seham Aly
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2K views

Problem Solving PPT Neww2023

This document outlines the key aspects of problem solving that nursing students will learn about. It defines problem solving as an active process that starts with identifying a problem and ends with a solution. It differentiates problem solving from decision making, noting that problem solving focuses on analyzing and solving an immediate problem, while decision making involves choosing between alternatives. The document then discusses the levels of decisions, sources of problems in problem identification, and the 7 steps of the problem solving process: 1) identify the problem 2) gather data 3) explore alternatives 4) evaluate alternatives 5) select a solution 6) implement the solution and 7) evaluate results.

Uploaded by

Seham Aly
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem Solving

Lecture
Presented by:

Demon :Asmaa Hosny Belal

Nursing Administration
Department
At the end of this lecture the nursing students will
:be able to
Define problem solving accurately -1
Differentiate between problem solving and -2
decision making briefly
Discuss levels of decisions completely -3
4-Apply Problem solving steps
:A Problem
is the difference between what is observed and
what is expected (ex: budget, length of stay)
Problem solving:

Is an active process that starts with a problem


and end with a solution. It includes a decision
making step and focused on trying to solve an
immediate problem.
Decision making
is a systematic, cognitive, sequential process of
choosing among alternatives and putting the
choice into action.
Decision maker: refers to a person at any
organizational level who chooses a course of
action when faces with a decision situation.
Clinical judgment: is a clinical opinion , an
estimate, or determination of professional
nursing practice regarding a state of a nursing
phenomena. It is the use of values or other
criteria to evaluate or draw conclusion about
information.
:Levels of decision

Strategic decisions
are those made by top executive that commit
valuable agency resources to achieve major or
long term goals. (ex: strategic plan, budget)

.
Administrative decisions
are those made by mid level managers to
resolve unusual problems and develop
innovative methods for improving agency
function. (workshops)
Operational decisions
are routine decisions governing day to day
events that have been delegated to first level
managers and are made according to roles,
regulations, and instruction
Differences between problem solving and decision
making

Decision making Problem solving


it involves selecting one of It involves diagnosing (full
several alternatives, each of analysis) of a problem and
which may be appropriate .solving it
.under certain circumstances

doesn't focus on eliminating It attempts to identify the root


the underlying problem. problem in situation. Ex
Ex - equipment (alleviating) (Shortage& absenteeism)
Differences between problem solving and decision-
making
It doesn’t always start with Is the result of an immediate
an immediate problem problem
It may be influenced by It is a more scientific process
.emotions and intuition
It includes a problem solving It includes a decision making
.process .step
Steps of problem solving process
Problem solving process includes the following steps:
Identify the problem-1
Gather data to analyze causes and consequences of -2
.the problem
.Explore alternative solutions-3
.Evaluate the alternatives-4
.Select the appropriate solution -5
.Implement solution -6
7-Evaluate results.
Problem solving process

Identify the problem-1

The most important step of problem solving,


identification of the problem "what the problem is", it
isn't as easy as it may seem. If the problem is
incorrectly defined, any decision made is directed
toward solving the wrong problem.
:Warning signals

there are several indicators for nurse manager to


know that there are problems need to be solved
such as:
1-Deviation from past performance: a sudden
change in some established pattern of
performance: Ex:(sales decline, expenses
increases, the error rate, turn over among nurses
increased)
2- Deviation from the plan: when results don’t meet
planned objectives Ex: (profit level lower than
planned, exceeding budget, error rate exceeds what
is expected).

Outside criticism : customers may be dissatisfied -3


.with a new product (or patient- dissatisfaction)
Sources of difficulties in problem identification

Perceptual problems:

Our individual perception may protect or defend us

from un pleasant realities.


Defining problems by solutions:

this is really a form of jumping to conclusions .ex the


sales manager say the ex: decrease profit rate due to
poor product quality.
Identifying symptoms as problems:

Our problem is a 32 percent decline in orders, while


it is certainly true that orders have declined, the
decline is actually only a symptom of the real
problem (length of patient stay increased ( indicator
not problem)
A good way to define the problem is to
write down a concise statement which
summarizes the problem.
• Name of problem
• Relevant to …
• Place
• Ex; Increased absenteeism rate among nursing staff
in surgical department
Gather data to analyze causes and consequences of -2
.the problem

Problem solving begins with collection of data and


information, the data gathered may be a combination of
objective (facts), subjective (feelings) information.
Information gathered should be valid, accurate, relevant to
the issue and timely.
Sometimes information needs to be gathered via various
devices to investigate the problem. These devices
may include: Observation Interviews, statistics,
questionnaires, brainstorming and focus groups.
Also, questions to Ask When Analyzing the Problem:
oWhat is the history of the problem? How long has it
existed?
oHow serious is the problem?
oWhat are the causes of the problem?
oWhat are the effects of the problem?
oWhat are the symptoms of the problem?
oWhat methods does the group already have for
dealing with the problem?
oCan the problem be divided into sub problems for
definition and analysis?
Classify information into categories: human factors such as
maturity, personality, education, age, relationships among
people and problems outside the organization. Technical
factors such as nursing skills or the type of unit .Temporal
factors such as: length of service, overtime, type of shift and
double shifts and policy factors such as organizational
procedures or rules applying to the problem, legal issues and
ethical issues.
Generate alternative solutions-3
Once the problem is identified and the nurse manager
or group analyzed information, feasible alternative
solutions to the problem should be developed. Being
flexible, open-minded and creative is critical to being
able to consider a range of possible options.
.Evaluate the alternatives-4

Once alternatives have been developed, they


must be evaluated and compared. The decision
maker should weigh each option according to
its possible risks and consequences. Criteria for
evaluation might include variables such as cost-
effectiveness, time and legal or ethical
consideration.
Then the options should be ranked in the order
in which they are likely to result in the desired
.goals or objectives
Select the appropriate solution -5
the nurse manager should select the one that
is the most feasible and satisfactory and has
.the fewest undesirable consequences

.
Implement solution -6
The manager implements the decision after
selecting the best course of action. The role of
manager in this stage to encourage the nursing
staff to work cooperatively and motivate the staff
to comply with it. Also this phase should include
a contingency plan to deal with negative
consequences.
.Evaluate results-7
After the solution has been implemented, the
manager and staff nurses should review the
plan instituted and compare the actual results
and benefits to what is expected.
Any Question
Break

Thank You
Break

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