Tense is a verb’s quality that shows time in

which an act, state, or condition occurs or

occurred.
There are three tense groups in English
which include past, present, and future.
 Tenses
Present tense

a)Simple Present: I write./ We write./You write./He / She writes./ They write.

b)Present Continuous: I am writing/ We/ You/ They are writing./ He/ She is
writing.

c)Present Perfect: I/ We/ You/ They have written./ He/ She has written.

d)Present Perfect Continuous: I/ We/ You/ They have been writing./ He/ She has
been writing.
Simple Present…verb in the first form/ verb+s

• Simple Present Tense expresses habits and repeated (regular) actions.

Examples:
• She gets up early in the mornings.
• The child drinks milk every day.
• I go to the school by service car.
• Thomas always listens to slow music.
• Nowadays, almost all children spend most of their day in front of the television.
• I feed my fish every day at 8 o’clock in the morning.
• She doesn’t listen to the radio very much.
• We like to spend time at home.
• He goes to the hospital for dialysis three days a week.
• You rarely sleep late.
• Do you like getting up early on Sundays?
Simple Present
• Present Tense expresses general truths or scientific facts.
• Examples:
• The sun does not turn around the Earth.
• Water boils at 100 o C.
• The Moon revolves around the Earth.
• The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
• It snows in winter.
• Water freezes at zero centigrade degree.
• Mice like cheese.
• A vaccine to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is perhaps the best
hope for ending the pandemic
Simple Present
• Present Tense expresses scheduled programs or arranged future.
• Examples:
• The bus leaves at 08:00 am on Tuesdays.
• The examination starts at 9 o’clock tomorrow.
• The train leaves for Paris at 10:00 pm.
• The lesson starts at nine every day.
• The plane leaves at 10:30 in the evening.
• The program starts every day at 10:30 am on weekdays.
• My brother comes tomorrow.
• The bus goes at half past 5 p.m.
• The film starts at 8 o’clock every week.
• The festival starts on April 15th and closes on May 15th.
Simple Present
• Simple Present Tense is used for instantaneous situations ( like sports
commentaries)
• Examples:
• Ronaldo passes the ball to Benzema.
• Anthony maintains his lead over the other tennis players.
• 5. We can use simple present tense when telling stories.
• Examples:
• Superman opens the door and enters to the room.
• Suddenly, the window opens and a masked man enters.
• 6. This tense is also used to give directions and instructions
• Examples:
• Go straight along the road and turn left at the corner.
• Pour the contents into a large container and mix with milk.
Simple Present
• This tense is also used in ceremonial and formal conversations.
• Examples:
• I name this ship as ‘Freedom’.
• I pronounce you man and wife.
• I invite the president to the stage
• Newspaper headlines usually are expressed in simple present tense.
• Examples:
• PEACE TALKS FAIL
• GREAT EARTHQUAKE KIILS 1000 PEOPLE IN SAN FRANCISCO
• MAN ENTERS SPACE
• TITANIC SINKS, 1500 DIE
Simple Present
• We can also use simple present tense with non- progressive or non
-action verbs which do not receive suffix – ing and generally express
the situation, emotion, desire, ownership and thought.

• I believe that you are innocent.

• I like to play basketball.
• My marketing executive needs a bike.
• You look beautiful.
• Do you have any doubts to be clarified?
• This food smells bad.
• I don’t understand what you are saying.
 Practice
•Put Do or does
• 1. -------- you go to school by bus?
• 2. --------- she play on the computer?
• 3. ---------- the girls like football?
• 4. ---------- the cat like to drink milk?
• 5. ------ You speak English or French?
• 6. ------- he read books?
• 7. ----------- the children go to school on Fridays?
• 8. -------- she like cats?
• 9. --------they play tennis?
• 10. ----------- he like birds?

• Put Don’t or Doesn’t:

•
• 1. He------------ live in Mexico.
• 2. She ----------- work in a bank.
• 3. I ----------- play golf.
• 4. Max ------------ listen to the radio.
• 5. We--------- speak English.
• 6. You -------- drink coffee in the morning.
• 7. My cat----------- eat meat.
• 8. Shelly----------- drink milk.
• 9. I---------- understand.
• 10. His car----------- work.
 Practice…Do/ Does
1. ____ you write with a pencil?
2. ___your father often make breakfast?
3. ___your teachers always check your homework?
4. ____ you and your sister feed the pets?
5. ____ you upload pictures?
6. ____ your friend visit museums?
7. ____ your cats climb trees?
8. ____ you learn to cook at school?
9. ____ your sister play badminton?
10. ____ your grandparents go on holiday in winter?
Frame questions in Simple Present

Begin your questions with What/ Where/

When/Which/ Why/ Who/
How/ How much/ How many/ Is/ Are/
Am
Present Continuous am/ is/ are +verb..ing
• Use the present continuous with verbs to express the idea that
something is happening now, at this very moment. It can also
be used to show that something is not happening now.
• Examples:
• You are learning English now.
• You are not swimming now.
• Are you listening?
• Is he sitting or standing?
• They are reading their books.
• They are not watching television.
• What are you doing?
 Present Continuous
In English, "now" can mean: this second, today, this month, this year, this
century, and so on.
Sometimes, we use the present continuous to say that we are in the process
of doing a longer action which is in progress; however, we might not be
doing it at this exact second.
Examples: (All of these sentences can be said while eating dinner in a
restaurant.)
• I am studying to become a doctor.
• I am not studying to become a dentist.
• I am reading the book Tom Sawyer.
• I am not reading any books right now.
• Are you working on any special projects at work?
• Aren't you teaching at the university now?
 Present Continuous
• Sometimes, speakers use the present continuous to indicate that
something will or will not happen in the near future.
Examples:
• I am meeting some friends after work.
• I am not going to the party tonight.
• Is he visiting his parents next weekend?
• Isn't he travelling with us tomorrow?
• Is she seeing him tomorrow?
• He isn't working next week.
• They aren't leaving until the end of next year.
• We are staying with friends when we get to Boston.
 Simple present/ Present Continuous

1. Every Monday, Sally ___(drive) her kids to football practice.

2. Usually, I__ (work) as a secretary at ABT, but this summer I (study) French at a language school in Paris. That is why I
am in Paris.

3. Shhhhh! Be quiet! John _____ (sleep) .

4. Don't forget to take your umbrella. It ____(rain) .

5. I hate living in Seattle because it _______(rain, always) .

6.I'm sorry I can't hear what you (say) because everybody (talk) so loudly.

7. Justin (write, currently) a book about his adventures in Tibet. I hope he can find a good publisher when he is
finished.

8. Jim: Do you want to come over for dinner tonight?

Denise: Oh, I'm sorry, I can't. I (go) to a movie tonight with some friends.

9. The business cards (be, normally ) printed by a company in New York. Their prices (be) inexpensive, yet the quality
of their work is quite good.

10. This delicious chocolate (be) made by a small chocolatier in Zurich, Switzerland.
 Present Perfect
Has/ have+ past participle form of the verb

•We use the present perfect to say that an action happened at an

unspecified time before now.
•The exact time is not important.
•You CANNOT use the present perfect with specific time expressions such
as: yesterday, one year ago, last week: when I was a child, when I lived in
Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc.
•We CAN use the present perfect with unspecific expressions such as:
ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet,
etc.
 Present Perfect
Experience
• You can use the present perfect to describe your experience. It is like saying, "I have the experience
of..." You can also use this tense to say that you have never had a certain experience. The present
perfect is NOT used to describe a specific event.
• Examples:
• I have been to France.
This sentence means that you have had the experience of being in France. Maybe you have been
there once, or several times.
• I have been to France three times.
You can add the number of times at the end of the sentence.
• I have never been to France.
This sentence means that you have not had the experience of going to France.
• I think I have seen that movie before.
• He has never traveled by train.
• Joan has studied two foreign languages.
• A: Have you ever met him?
B: No, I have not met him.
 Present Perfect
Change Over Time
• We often use the present perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time.
• Examples:
• You have grown since the last time I saw you.
• The government has become more interested in arts education.
• Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the university since the Asian studies
program was established.
• My English has really improved since I moved to Australia.
Accomplishments
• We often use the present perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity. You
cannot mention a specific time.
• Examples:
• Man has walked on the Moon.
• Our son has learned how to read.
• Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
• Scientists have split the atom.
 Present Perfect
An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting
• We often use the present perfect to say that an action which we expected has not happened. Using the
present perfect suggests that we are still waiting for the action to happen.
• Examples:
• James has not finished his homework yet.
• Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.
• Bill has still not arrived.
• The rain hasn't stopped.
Multiple Actions at Different Times
• We also use the present perfect to talk about several different actions which have occurred in the past at
different times. Present perfect suggests the process is not complete and more actions are possible.
• Examples:
• The army has attacked that city five times.
• I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.
• We have had many major problems while working on this project.
• She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is sick.
 have/ has +been + verb..ing
We use the present perfect continuous to show that something started in the past
and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since
Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the present perfect continuous.
• Examples:
• They have been talking for the last hour.
• She has been working at that company for three years.
• What have you been doing for the last 30 minutes?
• James has been teaching at the university since June.
• We have been waiting here for over two hours!
• Why has Nancy not been taking her medicine for the last three days?
 Present Perfect Continuous
You can also use the present perfect continuous WITHOUT a duration such as "for
two weeks." Without the duration, the tense has a more general meaning of
"lately." We often use the words "lately" or "recently" to emphasize this meaning.
Examples:
• Recently, I have been feeling really tired.
• She has been watching too much television lately.
• Have you been exercising lately?
• Mary has been feeling a little depressed.
• Lisa has not been practicing her English.
• What have you been doing?
Present Perfect/ Present Perfect Continuous
• Robin: I think the waiter ______(forget) us. We____ (wait) here for
over half an hour and nobody ____(take) our order yet.

Michele: I think you're right. He_______ (walk) by us at least twenty

times. He probably thinks we_______ (order, already) .

Robin: Look at that couple over there, they_______ (be, only) here
for five or ten minutes and they already have their food.
• Robin: I don't know if he________ (notice, even) us. He (run) from
table to table taking orders and serving food.