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Number System

The document discusses different number systems including non-positional, positional, binary, octal, and hexadecimal systems. It describes how to convert between decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal numbers as well as fractional numbers in binary. Key aspects covered include place value, bases, and the relationship between digit position and value.

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720 views

Number System

The document discusses different number systems including non-positional, positional, binary, octal, and hexadecimal systems. It describes how to convert between decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal numbers as well as fractional numbers in binary. Key aspects covered include place value, bases, and the relationship between digit position and value.

Uploaded by

api-3739054
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Number

System
Contents:
 Number
 Number System
 Types of number system
 Non-positional number system

 Draw Backs

 Solution
Cont..
 Positional number system
 Case Study
 Binary Number System
 Octal Number System

 Hexadecimal Number System


Cont..
 Conversion
 Decimal to some other base
 Some other base to decimal

 Converting from base X to base Y


where X and Y are not decimal
 Fraction Number
Number:
 “Number is an idea of
quantity and name that
allow us to speak out
value.”
Cont..
 Origination of number traced back
to stone age where people use to
equalize different shapes with
different quantities.
 Shapes are termed as digit.
 Digits are like character of
language.
Numbering
System:
 “Formal and systematic way
of representing larger
values with the help of some
basic digits.”
Cont..
 Number system begins with
defining the digits by
a value with symbol
 Name: selected for digit
 Rules: specified to form and
represent larger values.
Cont..
 Larger values are named as
well , we should have a
nomenclature of numbering
system.
Types Of Numbering
System:
 There are two types of numbering
system.
Non-positionalNumbering
system
Positional Numbering

system
Non-Positional
Numbering System:
 Each symbol represents some
value regardless of its position
in Numbering system.
 Symbols are simply added to
find out values of particular
numbers.
Cont..
 First
known system is Roman
Number System.
 V = 5
VI = 6
IX = 9
X = 10
Draw Backs:
 Representing larger values prone to
ambiguity

 For example XIIV can be


interpreted as
(11+4) or (12 + 5)
Depending upon how we group.
Cont..
 More than one symbol can be
used to form digit.
V + I = 6

 Same symbol can be used in


forming more than one digit
I + V = 4
Solution:
 Problemis solved by putting
bars over digits.
Positional Numbering
System:
 Each symbol represent
different values depend
upon position they occupy
in numbering system.
Cont..
 Valuedetermine by three
consideration.
Digit itself
Position of digit in numbering
system
Base of numbering system
Case Study :
 Start with Base 10 as we are
familiar with it. let us take it as
case study.
 History came with idea to give
weight to position along with
symbol.
Cont..
 Suppose X and Y are digits
of numbering system.
 Numbers can be formed
and represented as
follows.
C1 C0
X Y
Cont..
 Digit Y in column ‘C0’ has its original
value due to occurrence in 1st position.
let Y = 2 base is 10

then =2X100
=2X1
=2
So original value of Y = 2 and result is also 2.
Cont..
 DigitX in column C1 represent
value and determine by
Multiplying weight with

original value of X.
Cont..
Let weight =W1 = 1
X=3
base = 10
=3X101
=30
Cont..
Now add in Y so
General Form:
W1 * X + Y
 Weight : Power of base
 Base : Total number of digits
available in Number
system.
Cont..
Weight in 103 102 101 100
term of
base

Weight 1000 100 10 1


age
Columns C3 C2 C1 C0

Numbers 1 3 4 1

values 1*1000 3*100 4*10 1*1


Cont..
 Total number of digits in an
alphabet is called base of
numbering system.
 In our case study base=10
 As second column was
required when we were count
ten.
Cont..
 Itimplies that weight age of
second column in decimal is
10.
 So W1=10
Cont..
 Weightage of subsequent
column are also in magnitude
of base of numbering system
Binary Number
System
 Itis base two numbering
system ,it must have two
digits.
 Alphabet = {0,1}
Octal Number
System
 Octal means 8
 As it is base 8 numbering
system it must have 8 digits.
 Alphabet = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
Hexadecimal Number
System
 Itis base 16 numbering
system ,it must have 16 digits.
 Alphabet =
{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E
,F}
Converting values
To/from Decimal System
 Decimal to some other base
 Some other base to decimal
 Converting from base X to
base Y where X and Y are not
decimal
Decimal to some other
base:
 What we have : A number in decimal
system.
 What we want : To find out an
equivalent number in
another base.
 What we do : Divide decimal number
repeatedly with base
value of required
numbering system.
From Some Other Base
To Decimal:
 What we have: A number in base X.
 What we want: To find out an
equivalent number in
base ten.
 What we do: Multiply unit value of
digit in each column with
weight age assigned to
that column.
Converting from base X
to base Y where X and Y
are not decimal:
 There is no direct method ,what we do is
that we use transition.
 First we convert base X -> base 10
 Then convert base 10 -> base Y
Fractional Numbers:
 Inbinary number system ,
fractional numbers are
formed in decimal number
system.
Cont..
position 4 3 2 1 0 . -1 -2 -3 -4

Position 24 23 22 21 20 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4


value

Quantity 16 8 4 2 1 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/16


Represente
d

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