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Exception Handling

This document discusses exception handling in Python. It defines syntax errors and exceptions, with exceptions occurring when the code is syntactically correct but results in an error. Different types of built-in exceptions are described, including SyntaxError, TypeError, NameError, IndexError, and KeyError. The try and except statement is used to catch and handle exceptions, with except clauses specifying code to execute if a particular exception occurs. Finally blocks are always executed after try and except blocks to clean up resources.

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Rajesh Ranjan
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39 views

Exception Handling

This document discusses exception handling in Python. It defines syntax errors and exceptions, with exceptions occurring when the code is syntactically correct but results in an error. Different types of built-in exceptions are described, including SyntaxError, TypeError, NameError, IndexError, and KeyError. The try and except statement is used to catch and handle exceptions, with except clauses specifying code to execute if a particular exception occurs. Finally blocks are always executed after try and except blocks to clean up resources.

Uploaded by

Rajesh Ranjan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exception Handling

RESOLVING ISSUES WITH CODE


Introduction
Error in Python can be of two types
Syntax errors and
Exceptions.
Errors are problems in a program due to which the program will stop the execution. On the other
hand, exceptions are raised when some internal events occur which change the normal flow of
the program.
Different types of exceptions in python:
In Python, there are several built-in exceptions that can be raised when an error occurs during the
execution of a program. Here are some of the most common types of exceptions in Python:
SyntaxError: This exception is raised when the interpreter encounters a syntax error in the code, such
as a misspelled keyword, a missing colon, or an unbalanced parenthesis.
TypeError: This exception is raised when an operation or function is applied to an object of the
wrong type, such as adding a string to an integer.
NameError: This exception is raised when a variable or function name is not found in the current
scope.
IndexError: This exception is raised when an index is out of range for a list, tuple, or other sequence
types.
KeyError: This exception is raised when a key is not found in a dictionary.
ValueError: This exception is raised when a function or method is called with an invalid argument or
input, such as trying to convert a string to an integer when the string does not represent a valid
integer.
AttributeError: This exception is raised when an attribute or method is not found on an object, such
Difference between Syntax Error and
Exceptionsetween Syntax Error and
Syntax Error: As the name suggests this error is caused by the wrong syntax in the code. It leads
to the termination of the program.

Exceptions: Exceptions are raised when the program is syntactically correct, but the code results
in an error. This error does not stop the execution of the program, however, it changes the
normal flow of the program.
Syntax Error Example
# initialize the amount variable
amount = 10000
# check that You are eligible to
# purchase Dsa Self Paced or not
if(amount > 2999)
print("You are eligible to purchase Dsa Self Paced")
Exception Example
# initialize the amount variable
marks = 10000

# perform division with 0


a = marks / 0
print(a)
Try and Except Statement – Catching
Exceptions
Try and except statements are used to catch and handle exceptions in Python. Statements that
can raise exceptions are kept inside the try clause and the statements that handle the exception
are written inside except clause.
Try and Except Statement – Example
a = [1, 2, 3]
try:
print ("Second element = %d" %(a[1]))
# Throws error since there are only 3 elements in array
print ("Fourth element = %d" %(a[3]))
except:
print ("An error occurred")
In the above example, the statements that can cause the error are placed inside the try statement (second
print statement in our case). The second print statement tries to access the fourth element of the list which is
not there and this throws an exception. This exception is then caught by the except statement.
Catching Specific Exception
A try statement can have more than one except clause, to specify handlers for different exceptions.
Please note that at most one handler will be executed. For example, we can add IndexError in the
above code. The general syntax for adding specific exceptions are –

try:
# statement(s)
except IndexError:
# statement(s)
except ValueError:
# statement(s)
Example: Catching specific exceptions in the Python
# Program to handle multiple errors with one # except statement
def fun(a):
if a < 4:
# throws ZeroDivisionError for a = 3
b = a/(a-3)
# throws NameError if a >= 4
print("Value of b = ", b)
try:
fun(3)
fun(5)
# note that braces () are necessary here for multiple exceptions
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("ZeroDivisionError Occurred and Handled")
except NameError:
print("NameError Occurred and Handled")
print(“Thanks”)
Try with Else Clause
In Python, you can also use the else clause on the try-except block which must be present after
all the except clauses. The code enters the else block only if the try clause does not raise an
exception.
# Program to depict else clause with try-except
# Function which returns a/b
def AbyB(a , b):
try:
c = ((a+b) / (a-b))
except ZeroDivisionError:
print ("a/b result in 0")
else:
print (c)
# Driver program to test above function
AbyB(2.0, 3.0)
AbyB(3.0, 3.0)
Finally Keyword in Python
Python provides a keyword finally, which is always executed after the try and except blocks. The final block always executes
after the normal termination of the try block or after the try block terminates due to some exception.
Syntax:
try:
# Some Code....
except:
# optional block
# Handling of exception (if required)
else:
# execute if no exception
finally:
# Some code .....(always executed)
Example
# No exception Exception raised in try block
try:
k = 5//0 # raises divide by zero exception.
print(k)

# handles zerodivision exception


except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Can't divide by zero")

finally:
# this block is always executed
# regardless of exception generation.
print('This is always executed')
Advantages of Exception Handling:
Improved program reliability: By handling exceptions properly, you can prevent your program
from crashing or producing incorrect results due to unexpected errors or input.
Simplified error handling: Exception handling allows you to separate error handling code from
the main program logic, making it easier to read and maintain your code.
Cleaner code: With exception handling, you can avoid using complex conditional statements to
check for errors, leading to cleaner and more readable code.
Easier debugging: When an exception is raised, the Python interpreter prints a traceback that
shows the exact location where the exception occurred, making it easier to debug your code.
Thanks

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