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Circular Motion

1. In circular motion, an object travels at a constant speed in a circular path while its velocity continuously changes direction. 2. For circular motion to occur, a centripetal force is required that is directed towards the center of the circular path. This force provides the necessary centripetal acceleration. 3. The centripetal acceleration is calculated as a=v^2/r, where v is the object's speed and r is the radius of the circular path. The centripetal force is then calculated as Fc=ma.

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Mustafa Hatim Ahmed
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42 views

Circular Motion

1. In circular motion, an object travels at a constant speed in a circular path while its velocity continuously changes direction. 2. For circular motion to occur, a centripetal force is required that is directed towards the center of the circular path. This force provides the necessary centripetal acceleration. 3. The centripetal acceleration is calculated as a=v^2/r, where v is the object's speed and r is the radius of the circular path. The centripetal force is then calculated as Fc=ma.

Uploaded by

Mustafa Hatim Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Circular

Motion

Fc, ac
v
In Circular motion
a body travels at a constant speed
on a circular path.
examples of bodies moving in circular motion?”
The speed is constant, ‘v’ Link
The velocity is not!
There is an acceleration
There is a net force
Constant Speed not Velocity:
The direction of v changes continuously!

The velocity is always tangent to the path


Constant speed that means the magnitude is
constant .
So a change in velocity can mean either a
change in speed or change in direction.
If something has a changing velocity then it
has acceleration

• the direction of motion is always


tangent to the circle.

The direction of the velocity vector is directed in


the same direction that the object moves. Since an
object is moving in a circle, its direction is
continuously changing
Circular Motion: Definition

circular motion

Constant speed, or, Motion along a circle:


constant magnitude of velocity Changing direction of velocity
Challenge Question
• Can an object be accelerated if its speed
remains constant?
• Yes - its direction can change.

• Can an object be accelerated if its


velocity remains constant?
• No… velocity is a vector quantity. If
velocity is constant, speed and direction
are constant.
Circular Motion
• Since the direction of the objects
velocity is changing, the object
must be subjected to an
UNBALANCED FORCE!

• Therefore, it is ACCELERATING
Uniform Circular Motion
• The direction of the
acceleration is inwards,
always pointing towards the
center of the circle

• Called “Centripetal
Acceleration”
Calculating Centripetal Acceleration
• The centripetal acceleration (ac) of an object in uniform circular
motion is calculated by means of the following equation:

ac = v2 / r (reference tables)

• v is the linear speed of the object


• r is the radius of the circular path
Centripetal acceleration – acceleration
of an object in circular motion. It is
directed toward the center of the circular
path.

v 2 ac = centripetal acceleration, m/s2


ac 
r v = tangential speed, m/s
r = radius, m

•Acceleration is perpendicular to velocity


Uniform Circular Motion
• Velocity:  
• Magnitude: constant v
ac  v
• The direction of the velocity is
v2
tangent to the circle ac 
r

• Acceleration: v2
ac 
• Magnitude: r
• directed toward the center of the
circle of motion
• Period:
• time interval required for one
complete revolution of the particle 2r
T
v
Centripetal Force
• The unbalanced force associated with centripetal acceleration is
called the centripetal force (Fc). From Newton’s 2nd Law we get:

Fc = m ac (reference tables)
Centripetal force keeps
an object in circular
motion .it is always
toward the Centre.
Centripetal Force – the net inward force that maintains the
circular motion of an object. It is directed toward the center.

Fc = centripetal force, N
2
mv m = mass, kg

Fnet  mac  ac = centripetal acceleration,

r m/s2
v = tangential speed, m/s
r = radius, m
There must be a force and therefore an acceleration:
Directed to the center
A larger force is needed if

The speed v of the object is increased

The radius r of the circle is decreased

The mass m of the object is increased


Centripetal Force depends on the mass:
Smaller mass  Smaller force
Centripetal Force depends on the velocity
Smaller velocity  Smaller force
Centripetal Force depends on the radius
Smaller radius  Larger force
Since centripetal force is a net force, there must be a
force causing it. Some examples are
A car going around a curve on a flat road: Fc = Ff
(friction force)
Creates a curved path
Centripetal force holds a car in a curved path.
a. For the car to go around a curve, there must be sufficient friction to
provide the required centripetal force.
b. If the force of friction is not great enough, skidding occurs.
Since centripetal force is a net force, there must be a
force causing it. Some examples are
A car going around a curve on a flat road: Fc = Ff
(friction force)
Orbital motion, such as a satellite: Fc = Fg (weight or
force of gravity)
Since centripetal force is a net force, there must be a
force causing it. Some examples are
A car going around a curve on a flat road: Fc = Ff
(friction force)
Orbital motion, such as a satellite: Fc = Fg (weight or
force of gravity)
Since centripetal force is a net force, there must be a
force causing it. Some examples are
A car going around a curve on a flat road: Fc = Ff
(friction force)
Orbital motion, such as a satellite: Fc = Fg (weight or
force of gravity)
A mass on a string (horizontal circle, i.e.. parallel to
the ground): Fc = T (tension in the string)
An electron going around the uncles : Fc = Fe
(electrostatic force)
The further out the orbit , the lower the gravitational filed pull , and less speed is required
• The velocity of the particle is always __________
• The centripetal acceleration is towards the __________
• The centripetal force acting on the particle is towards the ______
• Centripetal force causes a
change in the ______________
but no change in ___________

• The magnitude of the centripetal


acceleration is: a = _________
• Newton’s law: The force on the
particle is (centripetal force)
F = m·a = ______________
When the string is cut it flies off on a ______.
Tangent
When the string is cut it flies off on a ______.
Tangent
In the diagram below, someone is swinging a ball
round on the end of a piece of string.

a. What name is given to the force needed to make the ball move in a circle?
b. Copy and complete the diagram to show where the ball will travel if the string breaks when
the ball is at point X.
c. Planets move around the Sun in approximately circular orbits. What provides the force
necessary for the orbit?
1. A piece of clay is stuck to the edge of a potter's
wheel. draw a diagram to show the path of the clay if it
comes unstuck while the wheel rotating

.2 A car is travels round a bend in the road what


supplies the centripetal force needed ?

3. in question 2 how does the centripetal force if the


car
a / has less mass
b/ travels at a slower speed
c/ travels
4. what round athe
supplies tighter curve ?force needed for
centripetal
a/ a planet to orbit the sun
b/ an electron to orbit the nucleus in an atom ?
5. If the satellite in a circular orbit around the earth
a/ draw a diagram to show any forces on the satellite b/show the direction of
satellite's acceleration
c/ if the satellite were in a higher orbit ,how would this affect its speed ?
d/ if the satellite were in a higher orbit ,how would this affect the centripetal force
required?

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