Statistics is a branch of Mathematics that deals with

the collection, organization, presentation, analysis,

and interpretation of data. (RO_MIMAROPA_WS_Math7_Q4)

Statistics is a branch of Applied Mathematics

specializing in procedures for collecting, organizing,
presenting, analyzing, and interpreting data from
observations.
(CO_Q4_Mathematics 7 _ Module 1 )
Statistics involves much more than simply drawing graphs
and computing averages.
In education, it is frequently used to describe test results.
In science, the data resulting from experiments must be
collected and analyzed.
Manufacturers can provide better products at reasonable
costs through the use of statistical quality control
techniques.
In government, many kinds of statistical data are
collected all the time.
A knowledge of statistics can help you become
more critical in your analysis of information; hence,
you will not be misled by manufactured polls,
graphs, and averages.
 A statistical question is one that
can be answered by collecting data
that varies from each other. This
means that, not all the values of
the data are the same.

Non-Statistical Question
is a type of question that
has only one answer and
does not change.
Examples of Statistical Question:
1. What is the favorite subject of Grade 7 students?
2. How many hours per week did the students spend
studying Mathematics?

Examples of Non – Statistical Question:

1. Is Alimodian a Covid-free town in Iloilo?
2. How many learners are there in grade 7 in ANCHS?
There are two types of Data: Quantitative
(Numerical) and Qualitative (Categorical).
Quantitative (Numerical) data set is a type of
data that is expressed numerically rather than
in natural language.
Example: Ages, time, census, etc.
Qualitative (Categorical) data set is a data that
can have non-numerical values.
Examples: names of colors, labels, etc. (e.g.,
“large,” “medium,” or “small”).
Numerical data set are those in numerical
form which are either continuous or
discrete.

Discrete data are those that can be counted

in a finitely manner.

Continuous data are measurements that can

take any value from an is infinite range
Examples of Numerical Data
A. Discrete Data
1. Number of boys and girls in grade 7 per section
2. The result of rolling 3 dice
3. The number of books in the shelves

B. Continuous Data
1. The heights of all grade 7 students
2. Age of a persons
3. Distance travelled by an airplane overtime.
Determine whether the question is a
statistical (S) question or not (NS).

1. What time did I woke up this morning?

2. What are the heights of grade 7 students?
3. What were the high temperature of the
regions in Visayas yesterday?
4. How old am I?
5. Do students want face to face classes than
online classes?
Identify whether the following if it is
categorical , discrete or continuous data.
1. The volume of a prism
2. Hours of sleep of a high school students
3. The weight of a sack of rice
4. The height of a pineapple plants
5. Eye color of my pets
6. Brand of the ball pens in a class
7. The number of students in a class
8. Number of languages spoken by Jose Rizal
9. Lists of SSG officers
10.The results of rolling two dices
Statistical Instruments
Observation- it focuses in determining the changes in the
attitude, characteristics and behavior of people or other
subjects. This technique includes watching and
recording actions and behaviors.

Interviews- it is being performed through personally asking

questions to people who have the authority or expertise to
say something about the data needed.
The person gathering the data is called the interviewer,
while the person supplying
the data is the interviewee.
Focus Group Discussion (FGD) - it is used to know the
thinking, feeling or opinion, about a certain phenomenon,
idea and etc. FGD is conducted with a small group of people
with common knowledge and common field (usually 6 to 8
people).

Questionnaire- if you have big number of sample, it is the

most practical way to use. You gather data through writing.
However, you must be careful presenting your questions,
since we need to consider the culture, and characteristics
of the respondents. You may use email, letter, or personally
give your questionnaire to your respondents.
Using different questions, and approaches to questioning, can allow us
access to the information we require.
Types of Questions
1. Closed questions These are questions which can be
answered with “Yes” or “No,” or they have a limited set of
possible answers (such as: A, B, C, or All of the above).
For example, ‘Do you wear glasses?’
2. Open-ended questions These are questions that allow
someone to give a free-form answer. Example,
“How did you answer the modules?”
3. Multiple-choice questions These are questions that
provide a certain number of specific response options
as possible answers
Survey – in a national level, surveys are usually covered by the
government and other form of surveying organization such as National
Statistics Office (NSO). A survey can also be done in small scale (i.e. a
class of 25 students can be surveyed)

Mail Surveys Pros: Can reach anyone and everyone – no barrier

Cons: Expensive, data collection errors, lag time
Phone Surveys Pros: High degree of confidence in the data collected, reach
almost anyone
Cons: Expensive, cannot self-administer, need to hire an
agency
Web/Online Pros: Cheap, can self-administer, very low probability of data
errors
Cons: Not all your customers might have an email
address/be on the internet, customers may be wary of
divulging information online.
 Types of Data
There are two types (sources) for the collection of data:

1. Primary Data- data are the firsthand information which is collected,

compiled, and published by organizations for some purpose. They are
the most original data in character and have not undergone any sort of
statistical treatment.
Example: Grades of Grade 7 students of ANCHS in First Quarter.

2. Secondary Data - data are the secondhand information which is

already collected by an organization for some purpose and are
available for the present study. Secondary data are not pure in
character and have undergone some treatment at least once.
Example: Income of every family in barangay Dalid.
After gathering data, we need to organize them. If we don’t
do this, we might miss important information about the data
and may result to difficulty in interpreting the data that we
have gathered. Using frequency table helps us to record,
clarify and easily find what we are looking for our data. In a
tally table, tally marks ( I ) are used to record data, while in a
frequency table, numbers are used instead of tally marks.

Frequency – the number of occurrences of a data

Frequency table – is a table that lists items and shows the
number of times the items occur.
 Steps in constructing a frequency table
(for ungrouped data)
Step 1: Make three columns.
Arrange the data in order in the first column.
Step 2: Make a tally.
Step 3: Count the tallies then write the frequencies
Step 4: Total all the frequencies
 Steps in constructing a frequency distribution table for a given
ungrouped data to be transformed as a grouped data.
1. Determine the range.
Range is the difference between the highest value H
and the lowest value L in the set of data. R = H – L
2. Determine the desired number of the class intervals (CI).
The ideal number of class interval in somewhere between 5 and 15.
3. Determine the class width/class size of the class interval by
dividing the range by the desired number of class intervals.
Class size = in symbol
4. Write the class intervals starting with the lowest lower value as
determined in the data. Then add the class width to the starting
point to get the next interval. Do this until the highest value is
contained in the last interval.
5. Tally the corresponding number of scores in each interval. Then
summarize the results or sum up the tallies under the frequency
column.