Cloud Computing

Introduction
• Cloud computing refers to the use of computing resources, such as servers,
databases, storage, networking, and software applications, over the internet
instead of owning and operating them on-premises.

• Cloud computing offers various benefits to organizations, including cost-

effectiveness by paying for resources used, faster time to market for critical
applications, scalability, and global reach with the right cloud provider.

• Combining public cloud services from a cloud services provider with private
cloud infrastructure allows organizations to deliver sensitive applications or
data to customers, partners, and employees.
Introduction
• Cloud computing has gained significant popularity, with a large
majority of companies adopting some form of cloud computing.
• However, many businesses are still in the early stages of their cloud
journey, having migrated or deployed only a portion of their
applications to the cloud.

•
Benefits of Cloud Computing

• Greater cost efficiency:

• Cloud computing allows organizations to pay for the computing capacity they need,
when they need it, eliminating the expense of purchasing, maintaining, and managing
infrastructure on premises.

• Improved agility and faster time to market:

• Provisioning and deploying servers on the cloud can be done in minutes, compared to
weeks or months with traditional IT.

• Greater scalability and elasticity:

• Cloud computing enables automatic scaling of workloads up or down in response to
business growth or changes in traffic.
• Global cloud providers offer the ability to scale globally on demand without sacrificing
performance.
Benefits of Cloud Computing (contd.)

• Improved reliability and business continuity:

• Cloud providers typically have built-in redundancy in their global networks, making data backup and disaster
recovery easier and less expensive to implement compared to on-premises solutions.

• Disaster recovery as a service (DRaaS) further simplifies the process.

• Better security:
• Cloud service providers are continually improving their security measures, with many organizations
experiencing better security in the cloud than on premises.

• According to predictions, cloud workloads will have fewer security incidents compared to traditional data
centers.

• Additionally, the right cloud provider can offer choice and flexibility, supporting open standards and hybrid
multicloud implementations for optimized infrastructure management.
Different Types of Cloud Services Available

• IaaS – Infrastructure as a Service

• IaaS is a cloud computing service that provides foundational computing
resources, such as servers, operating systems, storage, and networking
infrastructure, on a pay-as-you-use basis over the internet.

• It allows organizations to rent physical IT infrastructure instead of building

their own data center on premises.

• IaaS is the fastest-growing segment in cloud services and is expected to

grow by 24% this year, according to Gartner. It offers flexibility, scalability,
and cost-efficiency by providing essential infrastructure components for
organizations to build their own remote data centers on the cloud.
PaaS
• PaaS – Platform as a Service
• PaaS provides a comprehensive cloud-based platform for developing,
running, and managing applications without the need for on-premises
infrastructure.

• The PaaS provider hosts all the necessary components, including servers,
networks, storage, operating systems, and databases, in their data center.

• PaaS enables rapid deployment of web and mobile applications to the cloud,
allowing development teams to innovate quickly and cost-effectively in
response to market opportunities and competition.
Different Types of Cloud Services Available (contd.)

• Serverless Computing
• Serverless is a cloud computing model that allows developers to focus solely on
writing application code without the need to provision or manage servers or
backend infrastructure.
• Developers can deploy their code to containers managed by a cloud service
provider, who handles infrastructure provisioning, scaling, maintenance, and
management tasks.

• With serverless, developers benefit from not paying for idle capacity, as the
cloud provider dynamically scales the required computing resources up and
down based on code execution.
• Billing is typically based on execution time and resource usage, starting when
execution begins and ending when it stops. This model allows for efficient
resource utilization and cost optimization.
SaaS – Software as a Service

• SaaS is a cloud computing model where application software runs in the cloud and
is accessed by customers over the internet, usually through a web browser.
• Customers pay a monthly or annual fee to use the software. SaaS is widely used
and examples include Salesforce.com, HubSpot, and Carbonite.

• SaaS allows for rapid software adoption, as users can quickly sign up and start
using the software. It offers the flexibility to access applications and data from any
computer or mobile device. Data is securely stored in the cloud, reducing the risk
of data loss.

• The SaaS vendor is responsible for scaling, maintenance, and updates, relieving
customers of these tasks.
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Cloud Service Models Comparison

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Parameter SaaS PaaS IaaS

Stands for Software as a service. Platform as a service. Infrastructure as a service.

Used by The end users use it. Developers use PAAS. Network architects use it.

Access SAAS gives access to the PAAS gives access to the It provides access to the
end user. runtime environment for resources like virtual
deployment and machines and virtual storage.
development tools

Model It is a service model in cloud It is a cloud computing IaaS is a service model that
computing that hosts service model that delivers provides virtualized
software. tools that are used for the computing resources over
development of applications. the internet.

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Technical No need for technical Some knowledge is It requires technical
understanding knowledge. required for basic writing.
setup.

Control is given to Nothing Data of Application OS, Runtime,

developers Middleware, etc

Abstraction Complete abstraction Abstraction of the Only for underlying

underlying hardware hardware resources
and software
resources.

Operational Cost Minimal Lower Highest

Portability No portability Lower Best

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Risk of Highest Medium Lowest
Vendor
Interlock

Examples of Google Windows AWS, Google

Cloud Workspace, Azure, Compute
services Salesforce, Force.com, Engine,
Dropbox, Google App Rackspace,
CISCO, MS Engine, Digital Ocean,
Office Web, OpenShift, VCloud Express,
etc. Heroku, etc. Sun, etc.

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Cloud Deployment models

• Public : Services are rendered over a network that is open for public use.
Truly shared facility that allows multiple clients to use the resources
provided.
• Private : Cloud infrastructure operated solely for a single organization,
either managed internally or by a third-party, and hosted either internally
or externally.
• Hybrid : Cloud computing service that is composed of some combination
of private and public cloud services, sometimes from different service
providers.
• Community Cloud: Shared computing infrastructure set up as a public,
private or hybrid cloud used by a specified community of users such as
hospitals or banks.

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 Public Cloud
• Cloud infrastructure is provisioned for open use by the general public. It may be owned,
managed, and operated by a business, academic, or government organization, or some
combination of them. It exists on the premises of the cloud provider.

• In Public setting, the provider's computing and storage resources are potentially large; the
communication links can be assumed to be implemented over the public internet; and the
cloud serves a diverse pool of clients (and possibly attackers).
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 Private Cloud
• The Cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a
single organization comprising multiple consumers (e.g.,
business units). It may be owned, managed, and operated by
the organization, a third party, or some combination of them,
and it may exist on or off premises.

• Examples of Private Cloud:

• Eucalyptus
• Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud- UEC
• Amazon VPC (Virtual Private Cloud)
• VMware Cloud Infrastructure Suite
• Microsoft ECI data center.

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 Community Cloud

• Cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a specific community of consumers

from organizations that have shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and
compliance considerations). It may be owned, managed, and operated by one or more of the
organizations in the community, a third party, or some combination of them, and it may exist on
or off premises.
Examples: Microsoft Government Community Cloud
Open Cirrus

On-site Community Cloud

• Community cloud is made of a set of participant organization. Each participant
organization may provide cloud services, consumes cloud services, or both
• At least one organization must provide cloud services
• Each organization implements a security perimeter
Outsourced Community Cloud

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 Hybrid Cloud

• A hybrid cloud is a composition of two or more clouds where each

constituent cloud is one of the five variants. Hybrid clouds may
change over time with constituent clouds joining and leaving.
• Examples:
• Microsoft Azure (capable of hybrid cloud)
• VMware vCloud

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 Examples of hybrid cloud usage

• An e-commerce site relies on Salesforce in the public cloud to manage its customer
relationship management (CRM) functions while also using a private cloud to test and build
new analytics products based on that data.

• A parts manufacturer relies on a private cloud to collect and analyse billions of points of data
coming in from IoT sensors but also needs to enable customers on the public cloud to see real-
time order-status updates that depend on that sensor data.

• A major health care provider needs the ability to compartmentalize patient data in compliance
with HIPAA through a private cloud while also enabling patients the ability to access some of
their information through the provider’s web app on a public cloud.
• A defence research organization performs mission-critical defence research using a private
cloud but also uses a public cloud for enabling its day-to-day operational matters.

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Which Cloud Deployment Model to Choose?

• Spending power
• Security
• Reliability
• In-house IT expertise
• Possibility of cloud bursts
• Flexibility
• Urgency to deploy

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 Limitations of cloud:

• cloud computing has so many advantages, it also suffers from certain

shortcomings too.
• High capacity(bandwidth)
• Client access link.
• High latency
• security
 What is fog computing?

• Fog computing, also known as fogging/edge computing, it is a model in which

data, processing and applications are concentrated in devices at the network
edge rather than existing almost entirely in the cloud.

• The term "Fog Computing" was introduced by the Cisco Systems as new model
to ease wireless data transfer to distributed devices int he Internet of Things
(IoT) network paradigm
• That concentration means that data can be processed locally in smart devices
rather than being sent to the cloud for processing. Fog computing is one approach
to dealing with the demands of the ever-increasing number of Internet-connected
devices sometimes referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT).
 Limitations overcomes in fog:

Fog Computing Keeps Data Right Where the Internet of Things Needs
it

• reduction in data movement across the network

resulting in reduced congestion
• elimination of bottlenecks resulting from
centralized computing systems
• improved security of encrypted data as it stays
closer to the end user
 CLOUD VS FOG:

Requirement Cloud computing Fog computing

Latency high low
Delay jitter High Very low

Location of server nodes With in internet At the edge of local n/w

Distance between the Multiple hops One hop
clie nt and server

Security Undefined Can be defined

Attack on data enrouter High probability Very Less probability
Location awareness No Yes
Continued……
…
Requirement Cloud computing Fog computing

Geographicaldistribution Centralized Distributed

No. of server nodes Few Very large

Support for Mobility Limited Supported

Real time interactions Supported Supported

Type of last mile Leased line Wireless

connecti vity
Structure of Edge Computing
Devices and sensors: responsible to produce and
collect data. This group of devices interacts
directly with the end user (sensors, smart phones,
tablets, smart bracelets or laptops).

Edge infrastructure: there are distributed

data centers to provide real- time data
processing, data visualization, analytics, filtering,
and optimizing. They being located closer to end
users, they process, cache storage, and
perform calculations for a large volume of data.
Cloud: It provides a greater density of
computing, storage, networking resources.
Cloud servers host services for automatic
learning, big data analysis and business
intelligence.
 Consideration issues for Edge
computing
■ Reliability (Failure of individual node/ server/ end user, Lack of
network coverage, Failure of edge network and service platform)
■ Scalability (Adding a new point of service, Adding new services
nodes, Utilizing cloud interplay)
■ Security (Isolation of data paths and memory as multiple users
share edge network, Security of edge devices from malicious users)
■ Resource management (Resource
allocation, Load balancing,
• Monitoring)
■ Interoperability (Heterogeneous devices, protocols, and
HTTP://BIDDUTHOSSAIN.INFO/

services)
Applications of fog:
• Tech giants Cisco and IBM are the driving forces
behind fog computing, and link their concept to
the emerging Internet of Things (IoT).

• Most of the buzz around fog has a direct

correlation with the emergence of the Internet of
Things (IoT)
Application of Edge
Computing

■Internet of Things (IoT)

smart environment (Smart
building, Smart
surveillance)
■ Virtual reality
■ Smart traffic, transportation
■ Smart health environment
■ Industrial automation
■ Agriculture
■ Online gaming
■ Real time big data analysis
Connected cars: Fog computing is ideal for Connected Vehicles
(CV) because real-time interactions will make communications
between cars, access points and traffic lights as safe and efficient as
possible
 Conclusion
:
•fog computing will grow in helping the emerging network
paradigms that require faster processing with less delay
and, cloud computing would serve the business community
meeting their high end computing demands lowering the
cost based on a utility pricing model
Data center
• A Datacenter can be described as a facility/space of networked computers and associated components(like
telecommunications and storage) which helps business and organisations to function a large amount of data. These
Data centers allow the data to organise, process, store and disseminate upon the application used by businesses.
•
• Types of Data Center: Businesses use different types of data centers which include :

• Telecom Data Center: It is a type of data center which are operated by telecommunications or service providers. It
requires high-speed connectivity to function.

• Enterprise Data Center: It is a type of data center which is built and owned by a company that may or may not be
onsite.

• Colocation Data Center: It is a type of data center that consists of one data center owner place which provides
cooling to multiple enterprises and hyper-scale their customers.

• Hyperscale Data Center: It is a type of data center which are owned by and operated by the company itself.
Data center vs. Cloud computing
Data center vs. Cloud computing (Contd…)
Data center vs. Cloud computing (Contd…)
Data center vs. Cloud computing (Contd…)
Three Hardware aspects new in Cloud Computing

• The illusion of infinite computing resources available on demand

• Eliminates the need for Cloud Computing users to plan far ahead for provisioning

• The elimination of an up-front commitment by Cloud users

• Allows companies to start small
• Increase hardware resources only when there is an increase in their needs

• The ability to pay for use of computing resources on a short-term basis as

needed
• processors by the hour and storage by the day
• release them as needed,
• thereby rewarding conservation by letting machines and storage go when they are no longer useful.
Utility Computing and Pay-as-You Go Model

• Cloud Computing refers to both

• applications delivered as services over the Internet
• hardware and systems software in the data centers that provide those services.

• These services themselves have long been referred to as Software as a Service

(SaaS), platform as services (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).

• The data-center hardware and software is what we will call a Cloud.

• When a Cloud is made available in a pay-as-you-go manner to the general

public, we call it a Public Cloud; and the service being sold is called Utility
Computing.
Thank You!