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First Aid

First aid is immediate care for injured or ill persons. The roles of a first aider are to bridge the gap until medical help arrives, ensure safety, assess threats to life, and provide needed care. Characteristics of a good first aider include being gentle, resourceful, observant, tactful, empathetic, and respectful. Common injuries requiring first aid include shock, wounds, burns, and poisoning. First aid management includes controlling bleeding, preventing infection, treating for shock, and consulting a physician.

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36 views18 pages

First Aid

First aid is immediate care for injured or ill persons. The roles of a first aider are to bridge the gap until medical help arrives, ensure safety, assess threats to life, and provide needed care. Characteristics of a good first aider include being gentle, resourceful, observant, tactful, empathetic, and respectful. Common injuries requiring first aid include shock, wounds, burns, and poisoning. First aid management includes controlling bleeding, preventing infection, treating for shock, and consulting a physician.

Uploaded by

MDRRM Mangaldan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FIRST AID

COMMON INJURIES

SHOCK
WOUNDS
BURNS
POISON
FIRST AID

• is an immediate care given to a person who has been


injured or suddenly taken ill
OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID
1. To alleviate suffering
2. To prevent added/further injury or danger
3. To prolong life

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE FIRST AIDER


1.Bridge that fills the gap between the victim and the physician
2. Ensure safety of him/herself and that of bystanders
3. Gain access to the victim
4. Determine the threats of patient’s life
5. Summon advanced medical care as needed
6. Provide needed care for the patient
Hindrance in Giving First Aid
1. Unfavourable Surroundings
2. The presence of crowds
3. Pressure from the Victim/ Relative
Characteristics of a Good First Aider
4. Gentle – should not cause pain.
5. Resourceful – should make the best use of things at
hand
6. Observant – should notice all signs
7. Tactful – should not alarm the victim
8. Empathetic – should be comforting
9. Respectable – should maintain a professional & caring
attitude
Golden Rules of Emergency Care
What to do:
1. Obtain consent, whenever possible
2. Think the worst
3. Call or send for help
4. Identify yourself in the victim
5. Provide comfort and emotional support
6. Respect the victim’s modesty and physical privacy
7. Care for the most serious injuries first
8. Assist the victim with his or her prescribed medication
9. Keep onlookers away from the injured person
10. Loosen all tight clothing
What not to do:
1. Do not harm by
- trying to arouse an unconscious victim
- administering fluids/ alcohol drink
2. Do not let the victim see his own injury
3. Do not leave the victim except to get help
4. Do not assume that the victim’s obvious injuries are the only
ones
5. Do not make unrealistic promises
6. Do not trust the judgement of a confused victim
7. Do not require the victim to make decision
Guidelines in giving emergency care
Getting started:
1. Plan of Action
2. Gathering of needed materials
3. Remembering the initial response
A – ask for help
I – intervene
D – do not further harm
4. Instruction to helpers
Emergency Action Principles
1. Survey the Scene
• Take time to survey the scene
• Is the scene safe?
• What happened?
• How many people are injured?
• Are there bystanders who can help?
• Then identify your self as trained first aider
• Get consent to give care
2. Do a primary survey of the victim

• Check airway
• Check breathing
• Check circulation
3. Activate Medical Assistance
(AMA)
4. Secondary survey:
• Interview the victim
• Check vital signs
• Head to toe examination
Body Substance Isolation
Are precautions taken to isolate or prevent risk
of exposure from any other type of body
substance.
Basic Precautions and Practices
1. Personal Hygiene
2. Protective Equipment
3. Equipment Cleaning & Disinfecting
Dressing
Any sterile cloth materials used to cover the wound
Other uses of the dressing
1. Control bleeding.
2. Protect the wound from infection
3. Absorbs liquid from the wound such as blood plasma, water and puss
BANDAGES
Any clean cloth materials sterile or not use to hold the dressing in place.
Other uses of bandages:
4. Control bleeding
5. Tie splints in place
6. Immobilize body part
7. For arm support – use as a sling
Shock
is a depressed condition of many body functions due to the failure of enough blood to
circulate throughout the body following serious injury

Factors which contribute to Shock


1. P – pain
2. R – Rough handling
3. I – Improper transfer
4. C – Continuous bleeding
5. E – Exposure to extreme cold & excessive heat
6. F – Fatigue
Dangers of Shock
1. Lead to death
2. Predispose body to infection
3. Lead to loss of body part
Signs and Symptoms
1. Early signs:
• Face – pale or cyanotic in color
• Skin – cold and dammy
• Breathing – irregular
• Pulse – rapid and weak
• Nausea and vomiting
• Weakness
• Thirsty
2. Late stage:
• If the condition deteriorates, victim may become apathetic or relatively unresponsive
• Eyes will be sunken with vacant expression
• Pupils are dilated
• Blood vessels may be congested producing malted appearances
• Blood pressure has very low level
• Unconscious may occur, body temperature falls
First Aid Management of Shock
1. Proper Body Position
2. Proper Body Heat
3. Proper Transfer
Wounds
is a break in the continuity of a tissue of the body either internal or external

Two types of Wounds


1. Closed wound- it involves the underlying tissue
without break/ damage in the skin or mucous
membrane
First aid management
I – Ice application
C – Compression
E – Elevation
S – Splinting
2. Open Wound – it is a break in the skin or mucus
membrane’ or the protective skin layer is damage

Classification of Open Wound


• Puncture
• Abrasion
• Laceration
• Avulsion
• Incision
First aid Management
C – Control Bleeding
C – Cover the wound with dressing and secure with bandage
C – Care for shock
C – Consult or refer to physician
Burns
is an injury involving the skin, including muscles, bones, nerves and blood vessels.
This results from heat, chemicals, electricity, or solar or other forms of radiation

Factors to determine the seriousness of burns:


1. The Depth
Superficial (first degree) burns
Partial – thickness (second degree) burns
Full – thickness (third degree) burns
2. The extent to the affected body surface area
3. Location of the burns
4. Victims age and medical condition

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