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Principles of Generators

Electric generators work on the principle of electromagnetic induction to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. When a coil rotates in a magnetic field, it cuts the magnetic lines of force and generates an electromotive force (EMF) based on Faraday's law of induction. Generators have two main parts - a coil and magnet. The coil is rotated using a mechanical energy source, which induces current in the coil. Generators come in different power outputs and fuel types and have applications for backup power in homes, remote areas, and work sites without grid access. The main components include an engine, alternator, fuel system, and other parts to generate and regulate the output current. Generators can be DC or AC types.

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Rica Josephina
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799 views13 pages

Principles of Generators

Electric generators work on the principle of electromagnetic induction to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. When a coil rotates in a magnetic field, it cuts the magnetic lines of force and generates an electromotive force (EMF) based on Faraday's law of induction. Generators have two main parts - a coil and magnet. The coil is rotated using a mechanical energy source, which induces current in the coil. Generators come in different power outputs and fuel types and have applications for backup power in homes, remote areas, and work sites without grid access. The main components include an engine, alternator, fuel system, and other parts to generate and regulate the output current. Generators can be DC or AC types.

Uploaded by

Rica Josephina
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRINCIPLES OF

GENERATOR
An Electric generator is a device which is used to
produce electric energy, which can be stored in batteries
or can be directly supplied to the homes, shops, offices,
etc.
-this are useful appliances that supply electrical power
during a power outage and prevent discontinuity of daily
activities or disruption of business operations.
How do electric generators
work?
• Electric generators work on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
A conductor coil is rotated rapidly between the poles of a horseshoe
type magnet. The conductor coil along with its core is known as an
armature. The armature is connected to a shaft of a mechanical energy
source such as a motor and rotated. The mechanical energy required
can be provided by engines operating on fuels such as diesel, petrol,
natural gas, etc. or via renewable energy sources such as a wind
turbine, water turbine, solar-powered turbine, etc. When the coil
rotates, it cuts the magnetic field which lies between the two poles of
the magnet. The magnetic field will interfere with the electrons in the
conductor to induce a flow of electric current inside it.
Generator work based on:
Faraday’s law of induction • Fleming’s right-hand rule
-a basic law of electromagnetism • The thumb represents
predicting how a magnetic field will the direction of motion
of the conductor.
interact with an electric circuit to • The first finger
produce an electromotive represents the direction
of the field. (north to
force(EMF)- a phenomenon called south)
electromagnetic induction. It is the • The second finger
fundamental operating principle of represents the direction
of the induced current
transformers, inductors, and many will be (the direction of
types of electrical motors, conventional current;
generators, and solenoids. from positive to negative
Electromagnetic induction

• The scientific principle on which modern generators work was


discovered by Michel faraday, he gave first electrical demonstration of
electromagnetic induction in august 1831
• Then he created worlds first electrical generator caller “faraday’s disk”
Principle of working
• In generators, mechanical energy is transformed into electrical energy.
• The principle of all of the generators is the same, although the detail of
construction may differ somewhat.
• A generator has two main parts:
-Coil
-Magnet
• Generator works on faradays law of electromagnetic induction. when the
coil is rotated in a magnetic field by some mechanical means magnetic
flux is changed through the coil and consequently EMF is induced in the
coil
Features of electric generators
• Power: Electric generators with a wide range of power output capacities are
readily available. Low as well as high power requirements can be met easily
by choosing an ideal electric generator with matching power output.
• Fuel: Multiple fuel options such as diesel, petrol, natural gas, LPG, etc. are
available for electric generators.
• Portability: There are generators available in the market which have wheels
or handles fitted on them so that they can be moved from one place to
another easily.
• Noise: Some generator models have noise-reducing technology, which
allows them to be kept in close proximity without any noise pollution
problems.
Applications of electric generators

• Electric generators are useful for homes, shops, offices, etc. which
face frequent power outages. They act as a backup to ensure that the
appliances receive an uninterrupted power supply.
• In distant areas, where electricity from the main line cannot be
accessed, electric generators act as the primary source of power
supply.
• When working on project sites where electricity cannot be accessed
from the grid, electric generators can be used for powering machinery
or tools.
Main components of a generator
• The main components of an electric generator can be broadly classified as follows:

1. Engine
2. Alternator
3. Fuel System
4. Voltage Regulator
5. Cooling and Exhaust Systems
6. Lubrication System
7. Battery Charger
8. Control Panel
9. Assembly / Frame
Types of
Generator
DC GENERATOR
-it is also called the dynamo
-a direct current flows in one direction.
-DC generator is typically found in off-grid applications. These generators give a seamless power supply directly into
electric storage devices and DC power grids without novel equipment.
Advantages of DC generator
 Mainly DC machines have the wide variety of operating characteristics which can be obtained by selection of the
method of excitation of the field windings.
 The output voltage can be smoothed by regularly arranging the coils around the armature .This leads to less
fluctuations which is desirable for some steady state applications.
 No shielding need for radiation, so cable cost will be less as compared to AC.
Characteristics
• Electromagnetic force generated by the generator grows larger with greater amount of flux
• For these reasons,continued high speed operation will cause large current to flow through the battery ,generatorand
other circuits and shorten their service life
• On the other hand ,during low speed only small current will flow
• To prevent such condition ,a regulator is provided
AC GENERATOR
-creates an alternating current that periodically reverses direction.
-These are also called alternators. It is the most important means of producing
electrical power in many of places since nowadays all the consumers are using AC.
Advantages of AC generator
• These Generators are generally maintenance-free, because of the absence of brushes.
• Easily step up and step down through transformers.
• The transmission link size might be thinner because of the step-up feature
• Size of the generator is relatively smaller than the DC machine
• Losses are relatively less than DC machine
• These Generator breakers are relatively smaller than DC breakers
A. Stator- this is the stationary component
B. Rotor/armature-this is the moving components that produces a
rotating magnetic field in any one of the following three ways:
b.1. By Induction
b.2. By permanent magnets
b.3. By using an exciter

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