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3 Methodology and Methods

This document discusses qualitative research methodology and methods. It begins by outlining the objectives of qualitative research, which are to understand its defining features, how it differs from quantitative research, and common qualitative data collection methods. It then contrasts the quantitative view of research as a mechanical process of choosing the right ingredients and procedure with the qualitative view of research as a creative adventure that involves new experiences. Finally, it describes some widely used qualitative methods like interviews, focus groups, observation, and their key features.

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KEITH ASHLEY BATITIS
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67 views18 pages

3 Methodology and Methods

This document discusses qualitative research methodology and methods. It begins by outlining the objectives of qualitative research, which are to understand its defining features, how it differs from quantitative research, and common qualitative data collection methods. It then contrasts the quantitative view of research as a mechanical process of choosing the right ingredients and procedure with the qualitative view of research as a creative adventure that involves new experiences. Finally, it describes some widely used qualitative methods like interviews, focus groups, observation, and their key features.

Uploaded by

KEITH ASHLEY BATITIS
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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METHODOLOGY AND METHODS

OBJECTIVES

• The aims and defining features of qualitative


research
• What differentiates qualitative research from
quantitative research
• The most widely-used qualitative methods
of data collection
FROM RECIPE TO ADVENTURE

• Research appeared to
involve choosing the right
ingredients (a
representative sample, a
standardized
measurement instrument,
the appropriate statistical
test) and administering
them in the right order
(the ‘procedure’).
FROM RECIPE TO ADVENTURE

• From Quantitative to Qualitative Research


Methods

• From mechanical (how-to-apply-


appropriate-techniques-to-the-subject-
matter) to a creative (how-can-I-find-out?)
mode.
FROM RECIPE TO ADVENTURE

Adventure:

‘It involves opening up to new and


possibly unsettling experiences.’
METHODOLOGY
METHODS
QUANTITATIVE METHODS

• Survey and Experimental designs -


reflect postpositivist philosophical
assumptions
• For example, determinism suggests that
examining the relationships between and
among variables is central to answering
questions and hypotheses through
surveys and experiments
QUANTITATIVE METHODS

• A survey design provides a quantitative


or numeric description of trends, attitudes,
or opinions of a population by studying a
sample of that population.
• From sample results, the researcher
generalizes or draws inferences to the
population.
QUANTITATIVE METHODS

• In an experiment, investigators may also


identify a sample and generalize to a
population
• the basic intent is to test the impact of a
treatment (or an intervention) on an
outcome, controlling for all other factors
that might influence that outcome
QUALITATIVE METHODS

• Qualitative methods rely on text and


image data, have unique steps in data
analysis, and draw on diverse designs.
QUALITATIVE METHODS

1. Qualitative Interviews
– face-to-face interviews
– telephone interviews
– online interview
• unstructured or semi
structured
• open-ended questions
• few items
QUALITATIVE METHODS

2. Focus Group Interviews


– face-to-face interviews
– telephone interviews
– online interview
• with 6-8 interviewees in each group
• unstructured or semi structured
• open-ended questions
• few items
QUALITATIVE METHODS

3. Qualitative observation
• field notes on the behavior
and activities
– records activities at the
research site (using some
prior questions that the
inquirer wants to know)
– can be nonparticipant or a
complete participant
QUALITATIVE METHODS
QUALITATIVE METHODS
REFERENCES

Creswell, J. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative,


Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches
Willig, C. (2008). Introducing Qualitative Research in
Psychology.

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