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Parts & Functions of A Computer

The document provides an overview of the key hardware components of a computer system and their functions. It describes the central processing unit (CPU), motherboard, storage devices like hard drives, input/output devices, ports, expansion slots, power supply, and how they work together and communicate via the data bus and system clock. The motherboard contains the CPU, RAM, BIOS, and connectors that connect and allow communication between all the internal and external components of the computer.

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JM (JM)
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27 views

Parts & Functions of A Computer

The document provides an overview of the key hardware components of a computer system and their functions. It describes the central processing unit (CPU), motherboard, storage devices like hard drives, input/output devices, ports, expansion slots, power supply, and how they work together and communicate via the data bus and system clock. The motherboard contains the CPU, RAM, BIOS, and connectors that connect and allow communication between all the internal and external components of the computer.

Uploaded by

JM (JM)
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Parts & Functions of a Computer

Functions of a Computer

2
Binary Communication Between Hardware
and Software

3
PC Hardware Components

• Outside computer case: input/output devices


• Inside the case: processing and storage
– CPU – most important component
• Requirements of a hardware device
– Method for CPU to communicate with it
– Software to instruct and control it
– Electricity to power it
4
Hardware Used for Input and Output

• Connects to computer case by ports (eg,


serial, parallel, USB, game, keyboard, mouse)
• Popular input devices:
– Keyboard
– Mouse
• Popular output devices:
– Monitor
– Printer
5
Ports
Physical Interface between a computer and another
computers or devices

6
Input Devices

7
Output Devices

8
Hardware Inside the Case

9
Motherboard Components
• Communication
Processing with other devices
– Traces
CPU (most important)
– Expansion
Chip set slots
– System clock
• Temporary storage
• Programming/setup
– RAM data
– Flash
CacheROM
memory
– CMOS setup
• Electrical chip
system
– Power supply connections

10
The Motherboard

11
The Motherboard (continued)

12
The CPU

13
The Chip Set

• Controls most activities on the motherboard

• Includes several device controllers


– USB controller

– Memory controller

– IDE controller

14
The Chip Set (continued)

15
Storage Devices
• Temporary (primary storage, or memory)
– Temporarily holds data and instructions while
processing them
– Faster to access than permanent storage

• Permanent (secondary storage)


– Data and instructions must be copied into
primary storage (RAM) for processing
16
Primary and Secondary Storage

17
Primary Storage Devices
• Memory, or RAM, located on motherboard
and other circuit boards
– Volatile versus nonvolatile (or ROM) memory

• Types of boards that hold memory chips


– SIMMs
– DIMMs
– RIMMs

18
RAM Chips

19
Types of RAM Modules

20
Secondary Storage Devices
• Hard drives

• CD-ROM drives

• DVD drives

• Zip drives

• Floppy drives

21
Hard Drive

22
EIDE Technology

• Used by most hard drives, CD-ROM drives, and


DVD drives

• Can accommodate up to four EIDE devices on


one system

23
IDE Connectors on a Motherboard

24
IDE Connectors on a Motherboard (continued)

25
IDE Connectors on a Motherboard

26
Hard Drive’s Power Supply

27
Floppy Drive Connection

28
Floppy Drive Connection (continued)

29
CD-ROM Drive Connection

30
Motherboard Components Used for
Communication Among Devices

• The data bus


– bus is a subsystem that transfers data between
computer components inside a computer or
between computers

31
Data Bus

32
System Clock
Closely related to system time is process time,
which is a count of the total CPU time consumed
by an executing process.

33
Clock Speed
• Of motherboard
– Measured in megahertz (MHz)

• Of CPU
– Measured in gigahertz (GHz)

34
Expansion Slots

35
Types of Expansion Slots

36
Interface (Expansion) Cards

37
Interface (Expansion) Cards (continued)

38
The Electrical System
• Power supply
– Most important component of computer’s
electrical system

– Converts/reduces electricity to voltage the


computer can handle

– Runs a fan directly from electrical output voltage


to cool inside of computer case

39
The Electrical System (continued)

40
The Electrical System (continued)

41
Instructions Stored on the Motherboard

• ROM BIOS (most are flash ROM)


– System BIOS

– Startup BIOS

– CMOS setup

42
ROM BIOS Chip

43
Motherboard Configuration Settings

• CMOS chip
– Stores setup (configuration) information

– Powered by a battery on motherboard when


power is off

44
Summary
• Introduction to hardware components of a
computer system

• Initial insight into how hardware works

45

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