WELCOME TO OUR
PRESENTATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• To our advisors Dr. Krishina and Ato Tomas T. for
their humble and continuous advice on how to keep
in track of the project work based on their
knowledge and experience.
• We also would like to thank Ato Ephrem & Ato Jemal
for giving us continuous advice on how to proceed.
• Our special thanks goes to the head and all families
of Jimma University, Civil Engineering department for
being with us to make our project a success.
OBJECTIVE
• To help students revise what they have learnt
in class.
• Introducing students to the real world design
processes and situations
• To prepare students to be a qualified engineer
in their future.
• To develop the habit of working together and
share ideas with each other
INTRODUCTION
• The project is structural design of a G+7 hotel building with basement.
• It is located in Addis Ababa.
• The plan area of the building is about 410m 2. And the total height is
32.2m above the ground level.
• The limit state design method is used for the entire structure. The
Ethiopian Building Code of standards (EBCS-1995) is used with lecture
notes as a reference. ETABS 9 computer software was used for the
analysis part.
• The software analysis results are obtained from different combinations
of loads.
• But for design, the envelope was used, which considers the maximum
effect among the defined combinations
ABSTRACT
• This report consists of the structural design of a G+7 hotel building with a
basement.
• The Contents of this report have been divided into five chapters. The first chapter
deals with the structural planning.
• The main part of this report is chapter two, which includes the design of slabs
from roof to the basement floor.
• Some slabs are irregular in shape, which is difficult to analyze using EBCS-1995, so
that they are changed to equivalent rectangular form and the adequacy is
checked by using yield line method of analysis.
• The design of staircase is included in the report. Six stairs, four at the middle and
two at side are designed.
• The lateral loads from wind and earth quake are calculated. Since the earth quake
load is the governing load the frame analysis is done using the earth quake load.
• Finally the design of beam, column and foundation is included in this project.
Structural planning
• Structural planning is the first step of
structural design which includes:
– position & orientation of column,
– positioning of beam,
– layout of stair case and
– selecting proper type of foundation
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SLABS
Some of the panels are trapezoidal in shape,
As there is no direct analysis technique for such shapes
in EBCS code, the panels are approximated to a rectangular
shape of equal area.
The safety is checked by using yield line method of slab
analysis.
This is done by taking the moments obtained from the
equivalent rectangular panels onto the actual shape & the
ultimate capacity is determined and it was found to be
above the design load used.
Cont…
• There are five solid slabs:
Roof
Pent house
First Floor
Mezzanine Floor &
Ground Floor
• Typical floors (2nd -6th ) are designed as ribbed slabs
ROOF SLAB
• The slab is designed using EBCS code
considering for the following loads
– dead load of the slab
– Parapet wall
– wind loads
– live loads from EBCS.
Cont…
• As the shape of roof is somewhat trapezoidal,
the projected area is taken to use EBCS
provisions for the analysis of wind load.
Cont…
• Procedures in calculation of wind
• External wind pressure
– We = qref ×Ce(ze)×Cpe
• Internal wind pressure
Wi= qref ×Ce(zi)×Cpi
Wnet = qref x Ce(z) x {Cpe – Cpi}
Design of solid slabs
The following procedures have been followed
grouping of similar panels
minimum depth requirement for
deflection is determined
dead load is determined :
• using the governing slab depth (RC slab)
• Partitions
• Floor finish
• Cement screed
• Plastering
Live loads according to EBCS are determined for each panels
CONT…
• Moment, M= αi*Pd*L2x
• Moment adjustments using the coefficient
method.
• Check depth for flexure
• Determination of shear force, Vi= βvi * Pd*Lx
• Check depth for shear
For slabs with unsupported edge, a strip method of analysis is
made.
Cont…
• Panel 3
• D=120mm, C-25Mpa, S-300, Wd=6.72KN/m2, φ-use 10mm, cover=15mm, d=120-15-
10=95mm
→Provide minimum reinforcement for strip B-B (since a relatively small load is transferred
to the longer direction)
• ASmin = [o.5/fyk]bd ,
• Ρmin = 0.5/fyk = 0.00167
• Using φ10, d = 95mm, b=1000mm
• ASmin =0.00167*1000*95=158.65mm2/m
• S = bas/As = 1000*78.5/158.65=494.8mm
• Smax = min.{2D=240mm, 350mm}
• Provide φ10 c/c 250mm, As=b*as/S=314mm2
• Ρ= As /bd = 0.0033
Cont…
• Section capacity
Mc = 0.8bd2fcdρm (1-0.4ρm)
• Design constants;
Fyd = Fyk/1.15=300/1.15=260.87Mpa
Fcd= 0.85fck/1.5=0.85*25/1.5*1.25=11.33Mpa.
m= fyd/0.8fcd=28.78
• Mc=0.8bd2fcdρm (1-0.4ρm)=7.47KNm/m
Cont…
• Strip B-B
• →Taking moment ratio of 2.0, Mxs/Mxf=2.0
• 7.47, (1-k1)=(7.47*24/(6.72*5.52)), → K1 =0.12
Mxf= (1-K1)Wl2/24=7.45KNm/m Mxs = (1-
K1)WL2/12=14.91KNm/m
Cont…
• Strip C-C
, Myf=0.017KNm/m
Mys=0.531KNm/m
Strip A-A
Cont…
• Mxs=W*L2/12=4.56*5.52/12=11.49KNm
• Mxf=WL2/24=4.56*5.52/24=5.75KNm
• Reinforcement details.dwg
Design of Typical Floor Slabs
• The function of the floor is mainly for bed
rooms
• These floor slabs are designed as ribbed slabs
due to their light live load
• This will make the design more economical
relative to the solid slabs
• The joists run in the shorter direction
Design of joists
• Depth determination for deflection
requirement
• Assuming hollow concrete section of,
Cont…
• Thickness of topping and joist width is assumed based on minimum
requirement.
• Joist spacing is fixed based on the provided HCB
• Loading from
HCB
Joist
topping
finishing
Partition
Live load from EBCS
Cont…
• Analysis of joists are done by using SAP 2000
• Sample analysis result for joist on panel 6,
7,13
Cont…
• For joist on panel 10, 11,14
• Check depth for shear and moment
• Topping design
Design Of Staircase
• Two staircases are provided for the building;
– at the middle and right sides.
due to the difference in storey height,
Four at the middle and
two at the right side are designed.
• The stairs are modelled as:
• a simple support when they end into a landing and
ribbed slabs.
• A continuous when they end into a solid slab.
Stair cont…
• The loading obtained from
• Load from steps(plastering, c.screed, marble and
concrete)
• From waist (concrete & plastering
• Live loads from EBCS
• For the landing
• Concrete
• Cement screed
• Plastering &
• marble
Analysis
•The stairs are
modelled as beams
according to their
support conditions.
•Reinforcement
details.dwg
LATERAL LOAD ANALYSIS
• The building is designed to resist lateral loads
coming from wind and earthquake.
• Since the probability of occurrence of both
wind and earthquake is very rare, the
maximum of the two is used for design.
Determination of center of mass
• As the resultant earthquake load passes
through the center of mass of each floor
• And the earthquake load is proportional to the
weight of each floor.
Determination of center of stiffness
• It is determined using the D- values of each
frame elements.
It is determined from;
• stiffness of each frame members
• D-values of each members & finally
• Stiffness center for each floors.
Determination of base and story shear
As the earthquake load varies at each floor level, the story shear is
determined at each floor.
(Fb)= Sd(T1)*W
Where,
Sd(T1) -is the ordinate of design spectrum at
period T1
T1 -is fundamental period of vibration
W- The seismic dead load.= W=GK+ΨQK
Where, GK is the characteristic dead load
QK is the characteristic live load Ψ the live load incident factor
Design of Members
1.Beam
The steps are;
Using moment and shear obtained from ETABS
– Check depth for flexure
– Check for T- section
– Check the section capacity for single reinforced or
double reinforced
Design for shear
Cont…
• Reinforcement details.dwg
Design of column
• Axial load and bending moments obtained
from ETABS results
• Determination of effective length (le)
• Determination of total eccentricity
• Determine the reinforcements from design
charts.
• Provide lateral reinforcement
Design of shear wall
• The wall is provided to enclose the lift shaft
• It is designed as a cantilever fixed at the
bottom.
Cont…
•The steps are :
• Determination of depth for flexure
• Calculation of area of reinforcement
As=bdρmax
Asmin≥0.004Ac
• Check for ρmax
• Design for shear
Vc=0.3fctd [1+50p]bh
Design of Foundation
• Generally to choose the type of foundation;
the major factors are:
– function of the structure,
– the type of load it must carry,
– subsurface condition & cost.
Cont…
• The steps for the design of isolated footing
are;
– Obtain BM & AL results
– Area proportioning
– Depth determination from:
• Punching shear &
• Wide beam shear
– check depth for flexure
– Provide reinforcement
• Cont…
Provide
reinforcement
conclusion
• Final year project enable students to revise
what they have learnt in the class for the last
four years.
• It also helps the students to develop the habit
working in group and sharing idea.
• The procedures for building structure design
Limitation
• Time – the main constraint
• Lack of clear printed drawings
• Late assignment of advisers for each group
Recommendation
• Before the start of each project, a brief
orientation should be given to students on
how to proceed
• At least a semester should be given for the
project work only.
• Students should be made equipped with
softwares related to Civil Engineering works.
YO U
A N K
T H O U R
R Y
FO T I O N
T T E N
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