Ms Excel

Introduction
• Microsoft Excel is the spreadsheet program in
Microsoft Office.
• A spreadsheet is a grid of rows and columns in
which you enter text, numbers, and the results
of calculations.
• In Excel, a computerized spreadsheet is called
a worksheet. The file used to store
worksheets is called a workbook
• You start Excel from the Start menu in
Windows. Click the Start button, click All
Programs, click Microsoft Office, and then click
Microsoft Excel.
• The Excel program window has the same basic
parts as all Office programs: the title bar, the
Quick Access Toolbar, the Ribbon, Backstage
view, and the status bar.
 Exploring the Parts of the Workbook
• Each workbook contains three worksheets by
default. The worksheet displayed in the work
area is the active worksheet.
• Columns appear vertically and are identified by
letters. Rows appear horizontally and are
identified by numbers.
• A cell is the intersection of a row and a column.
Each cell is identified by a unique cell reference.
• Cells may contain Labels, Values or Formulas that
result in a value or label. A cell is identified first
by its column letter and then by its row number
5 5
 File tab – opens menus for opening and
saving Files, and modifying Excel Options

Quick Access Toolbar can be

customized to include icons to frequently
Used features such as Print Preview

Home Ribbon use to change fonts, justify text, insert

rows etc. Ribbons are organized into Groups of similar tasks
such as the Font group or the Number group. In addition, there
are other ribbons containing groups/buttons for laying out pages
using the review features etc.
 Exploring the Parts of the Workbook
(continued)

• The cell in the worksheet in which you can type data

is called the active cell.
• The Name Box, or cell reference area, displays the
cell reference of the active cell.
• The Formula Bar displays a formula when a
worksheet cell contains a calculated value.
• A formula is an equation that calculates a new value
from values currently in a worksheet.

7 7
 Moving the Active Cell in a Worksheet
 The easiest way to change the active cell in a
worksheet is to move the pointer to the cell you
want to make active and click.
 You can display different parts of the worksheet
by using the mouse to drag the scroll box in the
scroll bar to another position.
 You can also move the active cell to different
parts of the worksheet using the keyboard or the
Go To command.
8 8
 Moving the Active Cell in a Worksheet
(continued)
• Keys for moving the active cell in a worksheet

9
 Selecting a Group of Cells
• A group of selected cells is called a range. The
range is identified by its range reference, for
example, A3:C5.
• In an adjacent range, all cells touch each other
and form a rectangle.
– To select an adjacent range, click the cell in a
corner of the range, drag the pointer to the cell in
the opposite corner of the range, and release the
mouse button.

10
 Selecting a Group of Cells (continued)

• A nonadjacent range includes two or more

adjacent ranges and selected cells.
– To select a nonadjacent range, select the first
adjacent range or cell, press the Ctrl key as you
select the other cells or ranges you want to
include, and then release the Ctrl key and the
mouse button.

11
 Entering Data in a Cell
• Worksheet cells can contain text, numbers, or
formulas.
– Text is any combination of letters and numbers
and symbols.
– Numbers are values, dates, or times.
– Formulas are equations that calculate a value.
• You enter data in the active cell.

13
 Changing Data in a Cell

• You can edit, replace, or clear data.

• You can edit cell data in the Formula Bar or in the
cell. The contents of the active cell always appear in
the Formula Bar.
• To replace cell data, select the cell, type new data,
and press the Enter button on the Formula Bar or
the Enter key or the Tab key.
• To clear the active cell, you can use the Ribbon, the
keyboard, or the mouse.
14 14
 Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
 Resizing a Column and Row
To resize a column:
• Click anywhere on the worksheet to select it.
• Hold your mouse over the boundary of the row heading until the mouse
changes to a plus sign
• Click and drag until you are happy with the width of the column or row.
To change the width of multiple columns or rows at once, select the column or row
headings you want to change, and then click and drag one of the columns or rows
to the desired width.
The File Tab menu contains the commands
most commonly associated with the file.
 Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
 Start a new workbook
•Click the green "File" button on the top left of your screen.
•Click the "New" tab on the left-hand navigation bar.
•Select the type of file you want to create (usually "Blank Workbook") and press
the "Create" button.
•Shortcut: Try pressing Ctrl + N on Windows or ⌘ + N on a Mac.

 Open a workbook
•Click the green "File" button on the top left of your screen.
•Click the "Open" icon on the left-hand navigation bar.
•Navigate through your computer's folders to the file you want to open, then click "Open”.
•Shortcut: Try pressing Ctrl + O on Windows or ⌘ + O on a Mac.
 Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
 Close a workbook
•Click the green "File" button on the top left of your screen
•Click the "Close" icon on the left-hand navigation bar
•Bear in mind that Excel can have multiple workbooks (files) open at once;
pressing the "Close" icon will only close the current workbook, and will keep all
other workbooks open
•Shortcut: Try pressing Ctrl + W
 Save a workbook
•Click the green "File" button on the top left of your screen
•Click the "Save" icon on the left-hand navigation bar
•Navigate through your computer's folders to the location in which you'd like to
save your workbook, then click "Save"
• Shortcut: Try pressing Ctrl + S
 Saving a Workbook

 The Save command saves an existing workbook,

using its current name and save location.
 The Save As command lets you save a workbook
with a new name or to a new location.

19 19
The Home Tab Groups contain the commands
most commonly associated with the formatting and
editing of cells and their contents.

Clipboard Font Alignment

Number Styles Cells Editing

 Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
 Cutting, Copying, & Pasting Cells
To move cells from one location to another on a worksheet, you must first cut or
copy the cell(s), and then paste the cell(s) to its new location.
To cut a cell:
 Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
• Clipboard
Cut, Copy and Paste are clipboard features built into Windows. The clipboard is a
temporary storage place for pictures and data. The Windows clipboard can only
store one item at a time. Microsoft Office has a Multi‐Clipboard that can store 24
items, but the Paste button and the shortcuts for the Paste option only correspond
to the most recently copied item. The clipboard pane must be displayed to be able
to use this feature.
 Cut – Copies selection to the clipboard. If the selection is text or an image, it
will disappear. If it’s a cell, Excel waits until you paste it to delete the original
cell.
 Copy – Copies selection to the clipboard.
 Paste – Retrieves most recent text/object on the clipboard.
 Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
• Formatting Cells
The most formatting options are found on the Home Tab. All the options can be
found in the Format Cells window. This contains several tabs to help us format the
contents of our spreadsheet. This window can be opened by using the More
Options button at the end of the Format, Alignment and Number groups. You can
also use the Keyboard Shortcut – Ctrl‐1 or choose Format Cells… from the right‐
click shortcut menu.
Font
• 1. Font – Sets the font of the selected cell(s). Fonts are
• different ways to show the same letters.
• 2. Font Size – Sets the size of the letters (the font). Larger
• numbers give larger fonts.
• 3. Increase Font – Increases the font size
• 4. Decrease Font – Decreases the font size
• 5. Bold – Makes the selected cell(s) Bold
• 6. Italic – Makes the selected cell(s) Italicized
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• 7. Underline – Makes the selected cell(s) Underlined. The drop down has a
double underline.
• 8. Borders – Adds and removes borders for the selected cell(s). The drop down
has More Borders…
• 9. Fill Color – Changes the background color of the selected cell(s).
• 10. Font Color – Changes the color of the font of the selected cell(s).
• 11. More Options – This button will open the Format Cells dialog window.
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Alignment
• 1. Top Align – Vertically aligns to the top of the cell.
• 2. Middle Align – Vertically aligns to middle of the cell.
• 3. Bottom Align – Vertically aligns to the bottom of
• the cell.
• 4. Orientation – Rotates the contents of the cell to
• the currently displayed option.
• 5. Wrap Text – Displays contents on multiple lines within the cell's column
width.
• 6. Align Text Left – Horizontally aligns the contents to the left side of the
column.
• 7. Center – Horizontally aligns the contents to the center of the cell.
• 8. Align Text Right – Horizontally aligns the contents to the right side of the
cell.
• 9. Decrease Indent – Decreases the space between the text and the cell border
 Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
• 10. Increase Indent – Increases the space between the text and
the cell border
• 11. Merge and Center – Joins selected (adjacent) cells into one
cell and centers the result. If there is data in more than one cell,
Excel will only keep the information from the upper left cell.
• 12. More Options – This button will open the Format Cells dialog
window to the Alignment Tab.
 Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
• Formatting Cell
MS Excel Cell can hold different types of data like
Numbers, Currency, Dates, etc. You can set the cell
type in various ways as shown below −
Right Click on the cell » Format cells » Number.
Click on the Ribbon from the ribbon.
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 Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
• Various Cell Formats
Below are the various cell formats.
 General − This is the default cell format of Cell.
 Number − This displays cell as number with separator.
 Currency − This displays cell as currency i.e. with currency sign.
 Accounting − Similar to Currency, used for accounting purpose.
 Date − Various date formats are available under this like 17-09-2013, 17 th-Sep-
2013, etc.
 Time − Various Time formats are available under this, like 1.30PM, 13.30, etc.
 Percentage − This displays cell as percentage with decimal places like 50.00%.
 Fraction − This displays cell as fraction like 1/4, 1/2 etc.
 Scientific − This displays cell as exponential like 5.6E+01.
 Text − This displays cell as normal text.
 Special − Special formats of cell like Zip code, Phone Number.
 Custom − You can use custom format by using this.
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• Setting Font from Home
You can set the font of the selected text from
Home » Font group » select the font.
 Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
You can change the text decoration of the cell to change its look and
feel.
• Text Decoration
Various options are available in Home tab of the ribbon as mentioned
below.
 Bold − It makes the text in bold by choosing Home » Font Group »
Click B or Press Control + B.
 Italic − It makes the text italic by choosing Home » Font Group » Click
I or Press Control + I.
 Underline − It makes the text to be underlined by choosing Home »
Font Group » Click U or Press Control + U.
 Double Underline − It makes the text highlighted as double
underlined by choose Home » Font Group » Click arrow near U »
Select Double Underline.
Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
 Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
• More Text Decoration Options
There are more options available for text
decoration in Formatting cells » Font Tab » Effects
cells as mentioned below.
• Strike-through − It strikes the text in the center
vertically.
• Super Script − It makes the content to appear as
a super script.
• Sub Script − It makes content to appear as a sub
script.
Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
 Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
You can rotate the cell by any degree to change the
orientation of the cell.
• Rotating Cell from Home Tab
Click on the orientation in the Home tab. Choose
options available like Angle CounterClockwise,
Angle Clockwise, etc
 Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
• Rotating Cell from Formatting Cell
Right Click on the cell. Choose Format cells »
Alignment » Set the degree for rotation.
 Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
• Changing Background Color
By default the background color of the cell is white in
MS Excel. You can change it as per your need from
Home tab » Font group » Background color.

• Changing Foreground Color

By default, the foreground or text color is black in MS
Excel. You can change it as per your need from Home
tab » Font group » Foreground color.
 Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
If you don’t like the default alignment of the cell,
you can make changes in the alignment of the cell.
Below are the various ways of doing it.
• Change Alignment from Home Tab
You can change the Horizontal and vertical
alignment of the cell. By default, Excel aligns
numbers to the right and text to the left. Click on
the available option in the Alignment group in
Home tab to change alignment.
 Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
• Exploring Alignment Options
1. Horizontal Alignment − You can set horizontal alignment
to Left, Centre, Right, etc.
 Left − Aligns the cell contents to the left side of the cell.
 Center − Centers the cell contents in the cell.
 Right − Aligns the cell contents to the right side of the cell.
 Fill − Repeats the contents of the cell until the cell’s width
is filled.
 Justify − Justifies the text to the left and right of the cell.
This option is applicable only if the cell is formatted as
wrapped text and uses more than one line.
 Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
2. Vertical Alignment − You can set Vertical
alignment to top, Middle, bottom, etc.
• Top Aligns the cell contents to the top of the cell.
• Center Centers the cell contents vertically in the
cell.
• Bottom Aligns the cell contents to the bottom of
the cell.
• Justify Justifies the text vertically in the cell; this
option is applicable only if the cell is formatted as
wrapped text and uses more than one line.
 Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
• Change Alignment from Format Cells
Right click on the cell and choose format cell. In
format cells dialogue, choose Alignment Tab.
Select the available options from the Vertical
alignment and Horizontal alignment options.
 Merge Cells
• Merge Cells
MS Excel enables you to merge two or more cells.
When you merge cells, you don’t combine the contents
of the cells. Rather, you combine a group of cells into a
single cell that occupies the same space.
You can merge cells by various ways as mentioned
below.
 Choose Merge & Center control on the Ribbon,
which is simpler. To merge cells, select the cells that
you want to merge and then click the Merge &
Center button.
Merge Cells
Alignment: Merge
 Alignment: Merge
• Additional Options
The Home » Alignment group » Merge & Center
control contains a drop-down list with these
additional options −
 Merge Across − When a multi-row range is
selected, this command creates multiple merged
cells — one for each row.
 Merge Cells − Merges the selected cells without
applying the Center attribute.
 Unmerge Cells − Unmerges the selected cells.
 Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
• Wrap Text and Shrink to Fit
If the text is too wide to fit the column width but
don’t want that text to spill over into adjacent cells,
you can use either the Wrap Text option or the
Shrink to Fit option to accommodate that text.
Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
 Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
 Adding a Row
A row runs horizontally across a worksheet. To add a row to a worksheet:
 Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
 Adding a Column
A column runs vertically down a worksheet. To add a column:
 Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
 Deleting
We use Delete to remove cells, columns, and rows. Excel determines
what you are trying to delete based on your selection. You can delete
a cell, row, or column by doing one of the following:
•  Press Shift ‐ Ctrl ‐ ‐ on the keyboard (Ctrl Minus)
•  or from the Home tab, in the Cells group, choose Delete
•  or open the Right‐click menu and choose insert.
To delete multiple at once, select the number of cells/rows/columns
you would like to delete and follow the steps above.
This will completely remove the structure, formatting and all, and
the rows/columns/cells will shift into this place. If you only intended
to delete the contents not the cells, undo and use the Clear Contents
option instead.
 Searching for Data
• The Find command locates data in a
worksheet, which is particularly helpful
when a worksheet contains a large amount
of data. You can use the Find command to
locate words or parts of words.
• The Replace command is an extension of
the Find command. Replacing data
substitutes new data for the data that the
Find command locates.
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 Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
• MS Excel provides Find & Replace option for
finding text within the sheet.
• Find and Replace Dialogue
Let us see how to access the Find & Replace
Dialogue.
To access the Find & Replace, Choose Home →
Find & Select → Find or press Control + F Key. See
the image below.
Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
 Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
• Exploring Options
Now, let us see the various options available under the Find
dialogue.
 Within − Specifying the search should be in Sheet or workbook.
 Search By − Specifying the internal search method by rows or
by columns.
 Look In − If you want to find text in formula as well, then select
this option.
 Match Case − If you want to match the case like lower case or
upper case of words, then check this option.
 Match Entire Cell Content − If you want the exact match of the
word with cell, then check this option.
Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
 Searching for Data (continued)
• Find and Replace options

58
The Insert Tab Groups contain the commands
most commonly associated with adding
something to the document.
Tables Illustrations Charts

Sparklines Filter Links

Text Symbols
The Page Layout Groups contain the
commands most commonly associated with
settings that would affect the entire page or
worksheet.

Themes Page Page

Setup Background

Paragraph Arrange
The Formulas Groups contain the commands
most commonly associated with Excel’s
formulas and functions.

Defined
Function Formula
Names
Library Auditing
Calculation
The Data Tab groups contain the commands
most commonly associated with data from
external sources, and evaluating or arranging
data.

Get External Connections Sort & Filter

Data

Data Tools Outline

The Review Tabs groups contain the
commands most commonly associated with the
text portions of a spreadsheet and sharing
changes.

Proofing Language

Comments Changes
The View Tab groups contain the commands
most commonly associated with the variety of
ways you can “look at” a worksheet or
workbook.
Show
Workbook Zoom
Views
Window Macros
 Manipulating Spreadsheet
• Right-click a worksheet tab to bring up the worksheet options menu, which will
allow you to manipulate the worksheets in your workbook. Here, you can
Insert, Delete, Rename, Move, Copy, or Hide a worksheet, as well as a few
other features (like changing the color of a worksheet tab).
 Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
 Add a worksheet:
• Right click the name of any worksheet tab
• Click "Insert..."
• Ensure "Worksheet" is selected and press "OK“
 Delete a worksheet
• Right click the name of the worksheet you would like to delete
• Click "Delete"
 Rename a worksheet
•Right click the name of the worksheet you would like to rename
•Click "Rename"
•Type the new name of the worksheet on your keyboard, then press Enter to commit
 Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
 Move a worksheet
•Right click the name of the worksheet you would like to move
•Click "Move or Copy"
•If you would like to move the worksheet to another position in the same workbook, click the
name of the worksheet before which you would like to move it.
•If you would like to move the worksheet to another workbook, select the new workbook from
the "To book:" menu, then click the name of the worksheet before which you would like to
move it.
•Bear in mind that if you move a worksheet to another workbook, it will be erased from the
current workbook.
•Press “OK”

 Copy a worksheet
•Right click the name of the worksheet you would like to copy
•Click "Move or Copy"
•If you would like to copy the worksheet to another position in the same workbook, click the
name of the worksheet before which you would like to copy it.
•If you would like to copy the worksheet to another workbook, select the new workbook from
the "To book:" menu, then click the name of the worksheet before which you would like to
copy it then press “OK “
 Module 4: Excel Spreadsheet
 Hide a worksheet
• Right click the name of the worksheet you would like to hide
• Click "Hide"
• This will make the worksheet invisible and remove it from the tab list at the
bottom of your screen

 Unhide a worksheet
• Right click the name of any worksheet
• Click "Unhide..."
• Select the name of the worksheet you would like to unhide, then press "OK"
 Each box is referred to as a “cell”. Cells may contain
Labels, Values or Formulas that result in a value or label.
A cell is identified first by its column letter and then by
its row number
Columns

Rows Cell D2
Contains
the Formula
= B2*C2
Labels
 One can also write formulas that refer to cells on other worksheets – Sheetname!Cell-
Reference

input!B1*input!B3 + A1
When referencing a cell
on the same
spreadsheet as the
active cell the sheet
name is not required.

Sheets may be named and displayed with different colors tabs,

The order of the worksheets may be modified as well.
The “Power” of using Spreadsheet Applications
=B2*C2

• Each entry can be related to other values by

including cell referencing in formulas.
• Formula values are automatically updated when
a referenced value changes
• Formulas can be copied
• Charts can be easily generated
 H i gh l i gh t yo u r
da t a , s e l e c t a
Chart type and
$7.00 Edit & its
$6.00 done!
$5.00
$4.00
$3.00
$2.00
$1.00
$-
cereal milk eggs cheese meat pasta
 Formulas

• A formula is a sequence of values, cell

references and operators that produce a
new value.
= E8 + 3*(E10 - E11)
• Formulas always start with an equal sign =
• In addition a formula can also contain built-
in functions like SUM, AVERAGE, IF,
COUNTIF, etc. =Sum(A2:A8)*2
 Things you need to know when writing
formulas in Excel

• Data precision vs. cell

display
• Types of operators that can / ≤ −

be used
• Order of precedence of
operators =B2+B3*B1/B8^2
 In order to write Excel formulas we also need to use the correct
Operator Symbols

Formulas contain two types of components:

• Operators: Operations to be performed
Arithmetic operators: * / + - ^
Relational operators: >, <, <=, >=,< >,=
• Operands: Values to be operated on
Addition
= B2 + 5 Operator

Operands
Precedence of Operators
 ( ) Parenthesis is a special operator that forces
evaluation of the expression inside it first
 Exponentiation (2^3 8)
 Arithmetic operators: Multiplication & Division
 Multiplication & Division have equal precedence and are evaluated from
left to right
 Arithmetic operators: Addition & Subtraction
 Addition & Subtraction have equal precedence and are evaluated from
left to right
 Relational operators have a lower precedence
than arithmetic operators
Precision: number of decimal places stored in the
computer.
Formatted Display: number of decimal places that
appear in a cell
Type in a cell : =1/8
display in cell Does the addition appear
to be correct in col B?

What value results for

each - if multiplied by
1000?
Formatting affects display not the precise value:

Formatting
Number Group

Percent Decimal Display

Currency Commas
 Values can also be used to display dates

• Dates are values that can be

entered in several formats:
January 27, 2013 or 1/27/2013
• Excel converts these dates to a
numerical representation
(1/22/2013  41301)
• Thus dates may be used in
formulas: =A1–B1 will result in
the value 5

Note: To do arithmetic calculations with dates if you type =1/27/2013-

1/22/2013 directly in a cell it does not interpret it a date – cell references
must be used.
Basic Excel Functions
 Note:
• In the syntax of all Excel functions, an
argument enclosed in [square brackets] is
optional, other arguments are
required/compulsory.
 SUM
• performs the basic arithmetic operation of addition
=SUM(number1, [number2], …)
• Example:
=SUM(B2:G2) – A simple selection that sums the values of
a row.
=SUM(A2:A8) – A simple selection that sums the values of
a column.
=SUM(A2:A7, A9, A12:A15) – A sophisticated collection
that sums values from range A2 to A7, skips A8, adds A9,
jumps A10 and A11, then finally adds from A12 to A15.
 AVERAGE
• finds an average, or arithmetic mean, of numbers.
=AVERAGE(number1, [number2], …)
• adding up a group of numbers and then dividing
the sum by the count of those numbers
• Example:
=AVERAGE(B2:B11)
Shows a simple average, also similar to
(SUM(B2: B11)/10)
 COUNT
• counts all cells in a given range that contains
only numeric values
• =COUNT(value1, [value2], …)
 COUNTA
• counts all cells in a given range regardless of
type.
• That is, unlike COUNT that relies on only
numerics, it also counts dates, times, strings,
logical values, errors, empty string, or text.
=COUNTA(value1, [value2], …)
•
 MAX & MIN
• Statistical functions
• Max() returns the largest value in a given list
• Min() returns the lowest value in a given set
=MAX(A2:A6)
=MIN(A2:A6)
 IF
• Tests a given condition and returns a TRUE value if
the condition is met
• Otherwise returns FALSE
=IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])
• Example:
=IF(C2<D3, TRUE, FALSE) – Checks if the value at C3 is less
than the value at D3. If the logic is true, let the cell value
be TRUE, else, FALSE
• Can also be nested
 AND
• AND returns TRUE if all of the conditions are
met, FALSE otherwise.
• While rarely used on their own, these functions
come in very handy as part of bigger formulas.
• For example, to check the quantity in 2 columns
and return "Good" if both values are greater than
zero, you use the following IF formula with an
embedded AND statement:
• =IF(AND(A2>0, B2>0), "Good", "")
 OR
• OR returns TRUE if any of the conditions is
met, FALSE otherwise.
• If you are happy with just one value being
greater than 0 (either A2 or B2), then use the
OR statement:
• =IF(OR(A2>0, B2>0), "Good", "")
 TRIM
• Removes extra spaces in data
• Allows data with only one single white space
• It ensures that all empty spaces are eliminated
• only operates on a single cell
=TRIM(text)
 LEN
• Returns the number of characters in a certain
cell
=LEN(text)
• counts absolutely all characters including
spaces
 CONCATENATE
• In case you want to take values from two or more cells
and combine them into one cell, use the concatenate
operator (&) or the CONCATENATE function:
• CONCATENATE(text1, [text2], …)
• For example, to combine the values from cells A2 and B2,
just enter the following formula in a different cell:
• =CONCATENATE(A2, B2)
• To separate the combined values with a space, type the
space character (" ") in the arguments list:
• =CONCATENATE(A2, " ", B2)
 TODAY & NOW
• To see the current date and time whenever you
open your worksheet without having to manually
update it on a daily basis, use either:
• =TODAY() to insert the today's date in a cell.
• =NOW() to insert the current date and time in a
cell.
• The beauty of these functions is that they don't
require any arguments at all, you type the
formulas exactly as written above.
 How to delete formula, but keep calculated
value
• When you remove a formula by pressing the Delete
key, a calculated value is also deleted. However, you
can delete only the formula and keep the resulting
value in the cell. Here's how:
• Select all cells with your formulas.
• Press Ctrl + C to copy the selected cells.
• Right-click the selection, and then click Paste
Values > Values to paste the calculated values back to
the selected cells. Or, press the Paste Special
shortcut: Shift+F10 and then V.