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Group-Work - Disaster - Management

Disaster management involves dealing with and avoiding both natural and man-made disasters through preparedness, rebuilding after disasters occur, and supporting affected societies. It encompasses phases like preparedness, impact response, rehabilitation, and mitigation. Key principles include recognizing that disaster management is a shared responsibility and that organizations should function as an extension of their core roles. Disasters can have severe health, infrastructure and economic effects on communities. Future directions for improving disaster management emphasize community involvement, training volunteers, knowledge sharing, and public-private partnerships.

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318 views35 pages

Group-Work - Disaster - Management

Disaster management involves dealing with and avoiding both natural and man-made disasters through preparedness, rebuilding after disasters occur, and supporting affected societies. It encompasses phases like preparedness, impact response, rehabilitation, and mitigation. Key principles include recognizing that disaster management is a shared responsibility and that organizations should function as an extension of their core roles. Disasters can have severe health, infrastructure and economic effects on communities. Future directions for improving disaster management emphasize community involvement, training volunteers, knowledge sharing, and public-private partnerships.

Uploaded by

ntambik21
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Disaster

Management

Group One
1- Kakembo Musa Ntambi
2- Settaba Henry
3- Biira Mukakara Jetress
4- Ahimbisibwe Brian
? Disaster ?
 “A disastercan be defined as any occurrence that cause damage,
ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health
and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an
extraordinary response from outside the affected community or
area”.
(W.H.O.)

 “A disaster
can be defined as an occurrence either nature or
manmade that causes human suffering and creates human needs
that victims cannot alleviate without assistance”.
American Red Cross (ARC) ’
What is Disaster Management
What it involves ??
 Dealing with and avoiding both natural and
man made disasters.
 Preparedness before disaster.
 Rebuilding and supporting society after natural
disasters.
BACKGROUND

 Enormous population pressures and


urbanization

 A flood, a drought or an earthquake millions of


peoples are affected each time a disaster occurs

 Large-scale displacement and the loss of


life, loss of property and agricultural crops
BACKGROUND
 The reasons for this are varied including:
 an increasing population pressures in
urban
areas

 an increase in the extent of encroachment into lands,


e.g., river beds or drainage courses, low lying areas
etc.

 poor or ignored zoning laws and policies

 lack of proper risk management (insurance)


TYPES OF
DISASTER
Natural Man-made
Disasters Disasters

Meteorological Technological

Industrial
Topographical
accidents

Environmental Security related


FACTORS AFFECTING
DISASTER
• Age
• Immunization status
Host factors • Degree of mobility
• Emotional stability

• Physical Factors
• Chemical Factors
Environmental • Biological Factors
factors • Social Factors
• Psychological Factors
CHARACTERISTIC OF
DISASTER  Predictability

 Controllability
 Speed of onset
 Length of
forewarning
 Duration of impact
 Scope and intensity
of impact
PHASES OF
DISASTER
Pre-impact
phase

Impact
phase

Post-impact
phase
PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
 Disaster management is the responsibility of all spheres
of government

 Disaster management should use resources that exist for a


day-to-day purpose.

 Organizations should function as an extension of


their core business

 Individuals are responsible for their own safety.

 Disaster management planning should focus on


large-scale events.
Contd….
 DM planning should recognize the difference
between incidents and disasters.

 DM planning must take account of the type of physical


environment and the structure of the population.

 DM arrangements must recognise the involvement and


potential role of non- government agencies.
PHASES OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
Disaster Preparedness

Disaster impact Disaster

Response Rehabilitation

Disaster Mitigation
Disaster preparedness
Preparedness should be in the form of
money, manpower and materials

 Evaluation from past experiences about risk

 Location of disaster prone areas

 Organization of communication, information


and warning system

 Ensuring co-ordination and response


mechanisms
Contd….
 Development of public education
programme

 Co-ordination with media

 National & international relations

 Keeping stock of foods, drug and other


essential commodities.
Disaster impact
Disaster response

 Epidemiologic surveillance and disease


control

Vaccination

 Nutrition
Rehabilitation phase

 Water supply

 Food safety

 Basic sanitation and personal hygiene

 Vector control
Disaster mitigation
 This involves lessening the likely effects of emergencies.

 These include depending upon the disaster, protection of vulnerable


population and structure.

Eg. improving structural qualities of schools, houses and such other buildings
so that medical causalities can be minimized.

 Similarly ensuring the safety of health facilities and public health services
including water supply and sewerage system to reduce the cost of rehabilitation
and reconstruction.

This mitigation compliments the disaster preparedness and disaster response


activities.
DISASTER-
EFFECTS
 Deaths

 Disability

 Increase in communicable disease

 Psychological problems

 Food shortage

 Socioeconomic losses

 Shortage of drugs and medical supplies.

 Environmental disruption
DISASTER
RECOVERY
 Successful Recovery Preparation

 Be vigilant in Health teaching

 Psychological support

 Referrals to hospital as needed

 Remain alert for environmental health

 Nurse must be attentive to the danger


Areas of Concern
 Activating an Early Warning System network and its close
monitoring
 Mechanisms for integrating the
scientific, technological and administrative agencies for effective
disaster management
 Terrestrial communication links which collapse in the event of
a rapid onset disaster
 Vulnerability of critical infrastructures (power
supply, communication, water supply, transport, etc.)
to disaster events
Contd…
 Funding : Primacy of relief as disaster response.

 Preparedness and Mitigation very often ignored.

 Lack of integrated efforts to collect and compile data, information


and local knowledge on disaster history and traditional response
patterns.

 Need for standardized efforts in compiling and interpreting geo-spatial


data, satellite imagery and early warning signals.

 Weak areas continue to be forecasting, modeling, risk prediction,


simulation and scenario analysis, etc.
Contd…
 Absence of a national level, state level, and district level directory
of experts and inventory of resources.

 Absence of a National Disaster Management Plan, and State level


and district level disaster management plans.

 Sustainability of efforts

 Effective Inter Agency Co-ordination and Standard Operating


Procedures for stakeholder groups, especially critical first
responder agencies.

 Emergency medicine, critical care medicine, triage, first


aid
Nodal Agencies for Disaster Management

 Floods & Droughts : Ugandan Meteorological Department

 Earthquakes : Ugandan Meteorological Department

 Epidemics : Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

 Avian Flu: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environment,

 Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry


Nodal Agencies for Disaster Management

 Chemical Disasters : Ministry of Environment and


Forests
 Industrial Disasters : Ministry of Labour
 Air Accidents : Civil Aviation Authority
 Fire : Ministry of Home Affairs
 Nuclear Incidents : Atomic Energy Agency
 Mine Disasters : Ministry of disaster Preparedness
Dynamics of Disasters
 There is a high probability or a low probability for an event
happening somewhere sometime soon…

 The unpredictability of disaster events and the high risk and


vulnerability profiles make it imperative to strengthen disaster
preparedness, mitigation and enforcement of guidelines,
building codes and restrictions on construction of buildings in
flood-prone areas and storm surge prone coastal areas.
Lessons Learnt
 Be Prepared : Preparedness and Mitigation is bound
to yield more effective returns than distributing relief
after a disaster.
 Create a Culture of Preparedness and
Prevention.
 Evolve a code of conduct for all stake-holders
Future Directions
 Encourage and consolidate knowledge networks
 Mobilise and train disaster volunteers for more effective
preparedness, mitigation and response (NSS, NCC, Scouts
and Guides, NYK, Civil Defence, Homeguards)
 Increased capacity building leads to faster
vulnerability reduction.
 Learn from best practices in disaster
preparedness, mitigation and disaster response
Future Directions
 Mobilising stakeholder participation of Self Help Groups,
Women’s Groups, Youth Groups, Panchayati Raj Institutions

 Anticipatory Governance: Simulation exercises, Mock


drills and Scenario Analysis

 Indigenous knowledge systems and coping practices

 Living with Risk: Community Based Disaster Risk


Management
Invest in Preparedness
 Investments in Preparedness and Prevention
(Mitigation) will yield sustainable results, rather than
spending money on relief after a disaster.
 Most disasters are predictable, especially in their seasonality
and the disaster-prone areas which are vulnerable.
 Communities must be involved in disaster
preparedness.
Future Directions
 Inclusive, participatory, gender sensitive, child
friendly, eco-friendly and disabled friendly disaster
management

 Technology driven but people owned

 Knowledge Management: Documentation and


dissemination of good practices

 Public Private Partnership


DISASTER HEALTHCARE

 FOR INFORMATION ON DISASTERS


DIAL TOLL FREE No. group one members

 Log on to http://www.ministry of
disasterpreparedness
Any Questions ??

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