Scribd
Upload
58 views17 pages

VCR Engine

The document discusses variable compression ratio engines. It notes that VCR engines can improve fuel efficiency by adjusting the compression ratio based on engine load, using a higher ratio for better efficiency at low loads and a lower ratio to prevent knocking at high loads. It describes some ways to vary the compression ratio including moving the cylinder head or piston deck height. VCR engines offer increased fuel efficiency but also higher costs and unproven reliability.

Uploaded by

Deepen Banoriya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
58 views17 pages

VCR Engine

The document discusses variable compression ratio engines. It notes that VCR engines can improve fuel efficiency by adjusting the compression ratio based on engine load, using a higher ratio for better efficiency at low loads and a lower ratio to prevent knocking at high loads. It describes some ways to vary the compression ratio including moving the cylinder head or piston deck height. VCR engines offer increased fuel efficiency but also higher costs and unproven reliability.

Uploaded by

Deepen Banoriya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

Internal Combustion Engine

VARIABLE COMPRESSION RATIO ENGINE


WHY VCR ?

 Need of high specific power output accompanied by good


reliability and longer engine life.
 Use of high pressure turbo charging results induces high thermal
load.
 Turbocharger doesn’t have good adiabatic efficiency.
 High peak pressure problem occurs at full load.
 Can be minimized by reducing CR.
 But CR should be sufficiently high for good starting and part
load
operation.
 VCR concept is beneficial in low load, for better multifuel
capacity.
INTRODUCTION

 Variable compression ratio is a technology to adjust


the compression ratio of an internal combustion
engine while the engine is in operation.
 This is done to increase fuel efficiency while under varying
loads. Higher loads require lower ratios to be more
efficient and vice versa.
 Variable compression engines allow for the volume above
the piston at Top dead centre to be changed. For automotive
use this needs to be done dynamically in response to the
load and driving demands.
COMPRESSION RATIO

 It is ratio by which the fuel/air mixture is compressed before it is


ignited.
 Limited in conventional engines due to auto ignition.
 Determines how efficiently the engine can utilize the energy in
the fuel.
 Variable Compression Ratio can be obtained by alternating:
The Clearance Volume
Both the Clearance volume and the Swept Volume.
CR - CHARACTERISTICS

 CR of traditional engine is fixed and is a compromise


across a wide range of operating conditions.

 CR for passenger cars ranges between 8:1 and 10:1, while


CR for diesel engines can be much higher.
VARIABLE COMPRESSION
RATIO (VCR)
 The combustion chamber volume, Vc,
is altered to meet the power needs to
the vehicle.
 At low power levels, high CR captures
fuel efficiency benefits.
 At high power levels, low CR
prevents knock.
VCR - ADVANTAGES

 CR modified to meet power demand (CR’s range from 7:1


to 21:1)
 Increased fuel efficiency
 Claims of up to 30% reduction in fuel consumption
 Adding variable valve actuation and turbo-charging
further improves fuel efficiency (7-10% additional
reduction in fuel consumption)
 Reduced combustion emissions
VCR - DISADVANTAGES

 New technology results in high research and


development and manufacturing costs.
 Reliability is not proven.
 Consumer reactions are unknown and
unpredictable.
 Repairs and maintenance initially may be difficult
and costly.
 A reduction in fuel consumption is achieved by increasing the
work output and/or decreasing the frictional and pumping losses.
WAYS TO MODIFY CR

 Moving the cylinder head.


 Variation of combustion chamber volume.
 Variation of piston deck height.
 Modification of connecting rod geometry.
 Moving the crankpin within the crankshaft
(effectively varying the stroke).
 Moving the crankshaft axis.
 A: articulated
cylinder
head
 B: hydraulic
pistons
 C: eccentrics
on
bearings
 D: multilink rod-
crank mechanisms
 E: additional
piston
in cylinder head
 F: gear-based
VCR PISTON ARRANGEMENT
VCR ENGINE BLOCK
Pistons

Control jack

Control
Rack

Gear
Wheel
Crankshaft
FUEL CONSUMPTION
REDUCTION STRATEGIES
Fuel Consumption Reduction Sources of effectiveness
Strategy Engine strategies
1 - Increased effective Improved indicated •High Fixed Compression Ratio
efficiency expansion ratio (FCR)
• Variable Compression Ratio

2 - Downsizing •Pumping losses reduction • High supercharging


•Internal heat transfer surface • Increased average BMEP
reduction • 10:1 Compression Ratio (FCR)
•Flame travel distance •From 8:1 to 16:1 Compression
reduction Ratio (VCR)
•Friction losses reduction

3 - Downspeeding •Pumping losses reduction • High supercharging


•Friction losses reduction • Increased average BMEP

4 - Unthrottled load control •Pumping losses reduction • Load control by air/fuel


ratio
• Load control by Late Intake
Valve Closing
5 - Engine mechanical efficiency • Friction losses reduction • Reduction of all friction
improvement sources
CONCLUSIONS

 Variable Compression Ratio engines have great potential to


increase engine power and fuel economy.
 When coupled with technologies such as turbo charging, variable
valve actuation, and direct fuel injection, the effectiveness of the
system is further increased.
 Once established, this technology will likely become
commonplace due to increasing energy and environmental
concerns and the ease of integration.
 Due to use of high compression ratio at low loads the VCR
engines has a good starting and idling performance.

You might also like