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Cell Theory Modified

The document discusses the cell theory, which states that all living things are made of one or more cells, that cells are the basic functional units of living things, and that cells come from preexisting cells. It provides background on the scientists whose observations led to the development of the cell theory and gives an overview of the key components and structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The document also compares and contrasts features of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

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Nazish Altaf
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54 views

Cell Theory Modified

The document discusses the cell theory, which states that all living things are made of one or more cells, that cells are the basic functional units of living things, and that cells come from preexisting cells. It provides background on the scientists whose observations led to the development of the cell theory and gives an overview of the key components and structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The document also compares and contrasts features of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Uploaded by

Nazish Altaf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cells

CELL THEORY
 A theory resulting from many scientists’
observations & conclusions
CELL THEORY
1. The basic unit of life is the cell. (Hooke)
 In 1665, an English scientist
named Robert Hooke made
an improved microscope and
viewed thin slices of cork
viewing plant cell walls
 Hooke named what he saw
"cells"
CELL THEORY
2. All living things are made of 1 or more cells.

 Matthias Schleiden (botanist studying plants)


 Theodore Schwann (zoologist studying animals)
stated that all living things were made of
cells

Schleiden Schwann
CELL THEORY
3. All cells divide & come from old cells. (Virchow)

Virchow
Cell Theory

1. Every living organism is made of one or


more cells.
2.The cell is the basic unit of structure and
function. It is the smallest unit that can
perform life functions.
3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Why is the Cell Theory called a Theory and


not a Fact?
Cell Theory Rap

Listen close to the story I tell.


It's the rapping story of the living cell.
It's a happy tune that's sort of cheery.
About a real tough topic called the cell
theory.
All animals, plants, and protists too,
Are made of cells with different jobs to do.
They're the basic units of all organisms,
And I hope by now you got the rhythm.
Cell Theory Rap

It all started with one dude named Hooke.


Who at some cork cells took a look.
He used a scope and took his time.
'Cause a cell is small and thinner than a
dime.
Say 1, 2, 3, 4,
Are you ready to learn some more?
The animal cell has many parts,
And you must know each one by heart.
Cell Theory Rap

Like the farmer man in the dell.


The nucleus controls the cell.
its gives the orders -- kind of like a brain.
And it's protected by a nuclear membrane.
Around the cell, you'll find another "skin,"
The cellular membrane holds the whole cell
in
But its job isn't simple there's no doubt,
It lets some particles go in and out.
Cell Theory Rap
Now please don't lose your science
enthusiasm,
Listen to the story of the cytopalsm.
All around the cell this thick fluid does go,
But in the nucleus it will not flow.
And don't forget those ribosomes -
This is where proteins come from.
These protein factories are so small, you'll
agree,
You need an electron microscope to see.
Cell Theory Rap
Just when you thought you weren't having
any fun,
Along comes the endoplasmic reticulum.
These tube-like structures serve as a track,
To carry stuff to the membrane and back.
 Now have you ever seen any doughnuts
without holes?
In a cell, they're called vacuoles.
They're filled with stuff like H2O
And they carry food so the cell can grow.
Cell Theory Rap

Las of all, but not the very least,


Mitochondria - mighty cellular beasts,
Since they turn sugars into energy so well,
We call them the powerhouse of the cell.
Now my friend, you know it well,
The unforgettable story of the living cell.
Cell Features

Ribosomes - make protein for use by the


organism
Cytoplasm - jelly-like goo on the inside of
the cell
DNA - genetic material
Cytoskeleton - the internal framework of the
cell
Cell membrane - outer boundary of the cell,
some stuff can cross the cell membrane.
Types of Cells
Types of Cells
Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotes are very simple
cells, probably first to inhabit
the earth.
Prokaryotic cells do not
contain a membrane bound
nucleus.
Other features found in some
Bacteria are prokaryotes. bacteria:
DNA of bacteria is circular. Flagella - used for movement
Pilus - small hair-like structures
The word "prokaryote" means used for attaching to other cells
"before the nucleus" Capsule - tough outer layer that
protects bacteria, often associated
with harmful bacteria
Types of Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic cells are more advanced cells.
These cells are found in plants, animals,
and protists (small unicellular
"animalcules").
The eukaryotic cell is composed of 4
main parts:
cell membrane - outer boundary of the
cell
cytoplasm - jelly-like fluid interior of the
cell
nucleus - the "control center" of the cell,
contains the cell's DNA (chromosomes)
organelles - "little organs" that carry out
cell functions
Differences between Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cells
Bacterial cells also contain flagellum, plasmid and capsule.

Feature Prokaryote Eukaryote

Small about 0.5


Size Up to 40 micrometers
micrometers

Genetic Circular DNA (in DNA in form of linear


material cytoplasm) chromosomes ( in nucleus)

Many organelles:
Few present, none •Double membranes e.g.:
Organelles nucleus, mitochondria &
membrane bound
chloroplasts
•Single membrane e.g.: GA,
ER & lysosomes
•Fungi: rigid, formed from
Rigid formed from polysaccharide, chitin.
Cell walls glycoproteins (mainly •Plant: rigid, formed from
polysaccharides. E.g.:
murein)
cellulose.
•Animals no cell wall

Ribosome’s 70s 80s


Eukaryote Cell Parts

Mitochondria
Energy center or
"powerhouse" of the cell.
Turns food into useable
energy (ATP)
Cell Parts
Ribosomes
Make protein
Ribosomes are made up of two parts,
called subunits.  They get their names
from their size. One unit is larger than
the other so they are called large and
small subunits. 

Both these subunits are necessary for


protein synthesis in the cell. When the
two units are docked together with a
special information unit called
messenger RNA, they make proteins. 
Cell Parts

Golgi Apparatus
Processes, packages
and secretes proteins.
Like a factory.
Cell Parts

Lysosome
Contains digestive
enzymes, breaks
things down, "suicide
sac"
Cell Parts
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth ER - no ribosomes
Rough ER – ribosomes

Transport, "intracellular
highway". Ribosomes are
positioned along the rough
ER, protein made by the
ribosomes enter the ER for
transport.
Cell Parts

Nucleolus
Located inside the
nucleus, makes
ribosomes
Cell Parts only found in Plants
Cell Parts

Vacuole
Stores water or other
substances, plant cells
contain a large central
vacuole.
Cell Parts

Chloroplast
Uses sunlight to create
food, photosynthesis
(only found in plant
cells)
Cell Parts

Cell Wall
Provides additional
support (plant and
bacteria cells)
Other Cell Parts

Microtubules
Part of the cytoskeleton,
function in support
Also make up cilia and
flagella (cell movement)
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
ORGANELLES WITH DNA
 The Mitochondria
and Chloroplasts
have their own DNA
 ENDOSYMBIOSIS
THEORY -
eukaryotic cells
evolved from the
engulfing of bacteria
cells, thus creating
additional cell parts
CELL MEMBRANE
 Function: to regulate what comes into the cell
and what goes out
 Composed of a double layer of phospholipids
and proteins
Channels/pores- A channel in the cell's
plasma membrane. This channel is made up
of certain proteins whose function is to
control the movement of food and water into
the cell. These channels are made up of
certain proteins.
Reminders
 Read pages 16 to 24 in text and answer
questions on page 24
 Complete Earthworm lab
 Collect Journal Article and write summary
 Complete Cell Handouts (due Monday 28
Sept.)

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