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Linux Introduction Lecture

Linux is a free, open-source operating system based on the Linux kernel. It was first released in 1991 and comes in distributions that package the kernel with system software and libraries. Linux is customizable as its code is openly available. It is widely used for software development due to its configurability and availability of development tools in core distributions. Common Linux distributions for desktop use include Ubuntu and Linux Mint.

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13 views

Linux Introduction Lecture

Linux is a free, open-source operating system based on the Linux kernel. It was first released in 1991 and comes in distributions that package the kernel with system software and libraries. Linux is customizable as its code is openly available. It is widely used for software development due to its configurability and availability of development tools in core distributions. Common Linux distributions for desktop use include Ubuntu and Linux Mint.

Uploaded by

quarkee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Of Linux

What’s Linux?

● Linux is a free, open-source operating system that manages a system's hardware and
resources.
● It is a family of Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel.

● Linux was first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds.

● The typical OS package comes as a Linux distribution, which includes the kernel and
supporting system software and libraries.
So why do we use Linux?

● Linux is an open source software - the code used to create Linux is free and available
to the public to view, edit, and to contribute - if possible.
● Therefore, users can change the system configurations like, changing desktop looks or
maybe change how many bytes will the operating system keep in ram before writing to
the disk.
● (Add pictures from this link. https://www.reddit.com/r/unixporn/)

● This level of exposure to the internals of the operating system result in very efficient
and specialised operating systems.
● Especially for software development, it is really useful if one can dig inside the
operating system’s sources and change the system configurations.
● Gradually, most of the software development is done in Linux, for linux.

● Most of the distributions come with a plethora of tools, called “core utils” that make
working with development a breeze.
What we usually hear about Linux

● Linux is only used for networking

● It is meant to be run by servers

● Linux is faster than windows

● Linux is difficult to use

Are these really true?


What are Linux Distros?
● Distro comes from the word “distribution”.

● We can also call them “Linux based operating systems”.

● Linux is not the complete operating system itself - it's just the kernel (the core of the
operating system)
● However the kernel is not very useful by itself, so we need other tools so that we can use the
machine.
● Some examples of this tool would be:

○ The GNU shell utilities (the terminal interface and many of the commands you use)

○ The X server (which produces a graphical desktop),

○ The desktop environment (which runs on the X server to provide a graphical desktop), and more.

● A distro is sort of like a bundle that comes with these tools and the kernel itself.
● Linux distributions come with compiled open-source software like system
services, graphical programs, terminal commands combining it into a single
operating system one can boot up and install.
● However, unlike windows, we can alter/customise everything that comes with
the distribution.
● Not all the distros include these softwares out of the box.

● Distros like Arch Linux and Gentoo will need us to install everything from the
scratch including WiFi, display etc.
● On the other hand, Ubuntu and Linux Mint come with all the necessary
components and some more tools out of the box.
How to choose a distro?
● There are multiple different Linux distributions.

● When developed, they mainly followed different philosophies, default softwares, package
managers, configuration utilities etc.
● Mainly, different Linux distributions are suited for different purposes.

● Anyone can make their own distribution by assembling it from the source code themselves,
or even taking an existing distribution and modifying it – that’s why there are so many Linux
distributions.
● For an easy replacement for regular windows, we recommend using Ubuntu or Linux Mint.

● Linux Mint is just modified Ubuntu, so that new users coming from windows can use it
effortlessly.
● Note that Ubuntu itself is based on Debian (one of the fundamental distributions available)

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