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Lecture 4

The document discusses the theoretical description of neutron scattering and Rutherford scattering of alpha particles on gold. (1) It outlines using the Schrodinger equation to derive an expression for the differential cross section and scattering amplitude for elastic neutron scattering. (2) It describes using a partial wave analysis to represent the scattering amplitude and incident plane wave as sums involving Legendre polynomials and spherical Bessel functions. (3) It notes that for charged particles like alpha particles, the long-range Coulomb interaction must be taken into account, leading to a different expression for the scattering amplitude involving the Sommerfeld parameter and phase shifts.

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Rainesius Dohling
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13 views

Lecture 4

The document discusses the theoretical description of neutron scattering and Rutherford scattering of alpha particles on gold. (1) It outlines using the Schrodinger equation to derive an expression for the differential cross section and scattering amplitude for elastic neutron scattering. (2) It describes using a partial wave analysis to represent the scattering amplitude and incident plane wave as sums involving Legendre polynomials and spherical Bessel functions. (3) It notes that for charged particles like alpha particles, the long-range Coulomb interaction must be taken into account, leading to a different expression for the scattering amplitude involving the Sommerfeld parameter and phase shifts.

Uploaded by

Rainesius Dohling
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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If   milli steradian

N SC ( )  100  10 3  0.1counts / sec

That is in 1 hour we will get about 360 counts


Theoretical description

Hint :- (1)Starting with basic Quantum mechanics


Using Schrödinger equation get the expression for differential cross section for elastic
scattering or angular distribution in terms of the scattering amplitude for neutrons.

(2) Partial wave analysis


?
d el
 f   .............( 4.1)
2

d

For neutrons we have the expression

1 
f ( )   l  12l  1Pl cos( ......( 4.2)
2ik l 0

Now the incident plane wave is given by


(2l  1) ikr
e 
ikz
e  (1)ll eikr Pl (cos ).....(4.3)
l 0 2ikr
Now eqn (4.2) was derived only for neutron scattering , but Rutherford s scattering was done by
alpha particles incident of Au. Which essentially means that we have to take into account Coulomb s
interaction which is long range.

So the angular distribution pattern will depend on how we consider the interaction.

(1) Point charge


(2) Distribution of charges in the nucleus

(3) Now the scattering amplitude for charged particles is given by


n
  1 l
(4) f ( )  exp  in sin 2   2i  2l  1exp2i P (cos )………….(4.4)

m

  2 0
2k
l l

2ik sin  
2 l 0

2
Now  l Is related to phase shift
n is the Sommerfield parameter
Z1 Z 2 e 2
Given by n ………….(4.4A)
4 0 v
The Coulomb potential outside the nucleus for a point charge is given by

Ze 2

V 
4 r
c

The Coulomb potential inside a uniform


charge distribution is given by
3Ze 2

V  (R  r ) 2 2
r
2(4 ) R
c 3

0
Thank you

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