Scribd
Upload
135 views13 pages

Coco Morphology

The document summarizes key information about coconut palms, including their climatic needs, soil requirements, root and plant structure, pollination process, and nut composition. Coconut palms grow well in tropical regions between 20 degrees north and south of the equator, with an altitude of less than 600 meters above sea level. They require specific soil conditions including depth, drainage, pH, texture and organic matter content. Coconuts are pollinated through male and female phases that take place on different palms, and failures can occur due to genetic or environmental factors. The composition of coconut nuts varies between tall and hybrid varieties.

Uploaded by

Pca Zdn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
135 views13 pages

Coco Morphology

The document summarizes key information about coconut palms, including their climatic needs, soil requirements, root and plant structure, pollination process, and nut composition. Coconut palms grow well in tropical regions between 20 degrees north and south of the equator, with an altitude of less than 600 meters above sea level. They require specific soil conditions including depth, drainage, pH, texture and organic matter content. Coconuts are pollinated through male and female phases that take place on different palms, and failures can occur due to genetic or environmental factors. The composition of coconut nuts varies between tall and hybrid varieties.

Uploaded by

Pca Zdn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

The Coconut

Palm

Edgar T. Bahala
Officer-in-Charge
Philippine Coconut Authority
Coconut Extension Training Center
Bago-Oshiro, Davao City

April 2012
The Coconut
Palm

 Sun-loving
 Tropics
 600 – 900 meters
above sea level
between 20oN and 20oS – equator… 86 countries.
Climatic Needs

Factor Requirement
Altitude (above sea level) Less than 600 meters
Temperature 24-29˚C
Light > 2000 sunshine hrs/year
Total annual rainfall (mm) 1500-2500 (well –distributed)
Typhoon frequency (%) < 20
Soil Requirements
Soil condition
Soil Depth (cm) > 75 cm.
Drainage Moderate to well-drained
Soil Acidity (pH) 5.5 - 7.5
Soil Texture Sandy, loamy, clayey
(with good structure)
Organic matter content Medium to high
Major Nutrients N, K, Cl, S, P, Ca, Mg, B
Long roots- thousands
Thick mattress
Ave. length – 6 meters
Rootlets – most active

Water & nutrients


2-meter radius - base
Root System
Upper zone of
surface soil
TRUNK ( Stem or stipe )

Leaf scars
Hard - surface
Soft – inner part
Bud – crown of leaves

Bole - base
swollen -talls
LEAVES
Crown > 30 leaves
5-6 meters long
petiole
Stipule (guinit)
Rachis
Leaflets > 200 - 250
Not precisely paired- 5-10
more leaflets on one side

5 years – emergence > death


Monoecious > male &
female in one plant
Spathe
Spadix / infloresecence
 Rachillae
 Female flowers
 Male flowers

One year from


pollination to
One leaf = one inflorescence ripe coconut
POLLINATION
Male phase - Palm 2
Male 18-22 days
phase 6-15 days Female
Palm 1 phase

Talls > cross-pollinating


Inter- spadix overlap

Palm Palm
1 2
POLLINATION

Male
23 days
phase

Female
8 days phase

Dwarfs > self - pollination


Intra- spadix overlap
Failure - pollination
Pests & diseases

F-flower abortion –
Genetic first 6 weeks
factors

Poor cultural practices


Season (drought, typhoon) (e.g. no fertilization, etc.)
Epidermis NUT COMPOSITION
Tall / Hybrid

Husk (Mesocarp)
30% / 25%

Meat
(Endosperm or
Kernel)
28% / 35%

Shell (Endocarp)
20% / 17%

Coco Water
22% / 23%
Copra Formation
8 mos. = 32 %

9 mos. = 55.7%

10 mos. = 77.7%

11 months = 94.1 %

You might also like