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Lesson 1 Concepts

The document discusses the key concepts and elements of mechanism science and machine design. It defines mechanisms as combinations of rigid bodies arranged so that the motion of one compels the motion of others. The document outlines the basic components and configurations of mechanisms, including frames, pairs of elements, linkages, cranks, levers, and the four bar linkage. It also discusses the sliding crank mechanism used in reciprocating engines.

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Kristine Panlilio
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
266 views

Lesson 1 Concepts

The document discusses the key concepts and elements of mechanism science and machine design. It defines mechanisms as combinations of rigid bodies arranged so that the motion of one compels the motion of others. The document outlines the basic components and configurations of mechanisms, including frames, pairs of elements, linkages, cranks, levers, and the four bar linkage. It also discusses the sliding crank mechanism used in reciprocating engines.

Uploaded by

Kristine Panlilio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION

ELEMENTS OF
MECHANISM
SCIENCE OF MECHANISM
Machine parts must be so proportioned and
MOTION so related to one another that each has proper
motion.

Each part must be adapted to withstand the


FORCE foces imposed upon it.
SCIENCE OF MECHANISM
PURE MECHANISM OR KINEMATICS OF MACHINE

Treats of the motion and forms of the parts of a


machine, and the manner of supporting and guiding
them.
CONSTRUCTIVE MECHANISM OR MACHINE DESIGN

Involves the calculation of forces acting on different


parts of the machine, selection of materials, and the
physical properties to withstand the forces.
MACHINE

Machine is a combination of resistant bodies so arranged


that by their means the mechanical forces of nature can be
CONCEPTS

compelled to produce some effect or work accompanied


with certain determinate motions.

No machine can move itself, nor can it create motive


power.; this mst be derived from external sources.
STRUCTURE

Structure is a combination of resistant bodies capable of


transmitting forces or carrying loads but having no relative
CONCEPTS

motion between parts.


e.g. frame of machine

MECHANISM

Mechanism is a combination of rigid


bodies so arranged that the motion of one
compels the motion of the others.
FRAME

Frame is a structure that supports the moving parts and


regulated the path, or kind of motion, of many of the parts.
CONCEPTS
PARTICLE

Particle is an infinitesimal part of a body.


CONCEPTS

RIGID BODY

Rigid body is one whose component particles remain at a


constant distance from one another; that is assumed not to
suffer any distortion by the forces that may act on it.
DRIVER

Piece of mechanism which


CONCEPTS

causes the motion.

FOLLOWER

One whose motion is afffected.


MODE OF TRANSMISSION

If the action of the natural forces of


CONCEPTS

attraction and repulsion is not


considered, one piece cannot move
another unless the two are in contact
or are connected to each other by
some intervening body, thus motion
can be transmitted from the driver to
the follower.
PAIRS OF ELEMENTS
CONCEPTS

To compel a body to move in a


definite path, it must be paired
with another, the shape of
which is determined by the
nature of the relative motion of
the body.
PAIRS OF ELEMENTS

CLOSED OR LOWER PAIR


CONCEPTS

If one element not only forms


the envelope of the other but
also encloses it, and the
elements are geometrically
identical, the pair is considered
a closed or lower pair. Surface
contact exists between the two
members.
PAIRS OF ELEMENTS

HIGHER PAIRS
CONCEPTS

If the pair do not enclose each


other, it is considered a higher
pair. The elements are either in
point or line contact.
INCOMPLETE PAIRS OF ELEMENTS

Elements of these pairs are kept in contact by external forces


CONCEPTS

such as railway wheels kept in contact by the force of gravity.

INVERSION OF PAIRS

The exchange of fixedness of an element with its


partner which will result in the same motion.
BEARINGS

Surfaces of contact between two pieces that have relative


CONCEPTS

motion, one of which supports or partially supports the other.


COLLARS AND KEYS

Keys are used in fastening an


CONCEPTS

element to a shaft so that when


shaft rotates, the element will
rotate.

Collars on the other hand, are


used between the rotating
elements and its shaft so that
the element can rotate freely
from the shaft.
CRANKS AND LEVERS

Cranks may be defined in a


CONCEPTS

general way as an arm rotating


or oscillating about an axis.
When two cranks on the same
axis are rigidly connected, the
name lever is oftenly applied.
FOUR BAR LINKAGE
LINK
CONCEPTS

May be defined as a rigid piece or a non-elastic


substance which serves to transmit force from one piece
to another or to cause or control motion.

e.g. connecting rod of engine, part of the belt or chain


running from the driven to the driving wheel
LINKAGE

Consists of a number of pairs of


CONCEPTS

elements connected by links. If the


combination is such that relative
motion of each piece relative to the
others is definite, the linkage
becomes a kinematic chain and if
one of the links of the kinematic
chain is fixed, then the chain
becomes a mechanism.
FOUR BAR LINKAGE

Consists of four components which include two cranks,


CONCEPTS

connecting rod or links, and line of centers.


FOUR BAR LINKAGE
CONCEPTS
FOUR BAR LINKAGE WITH SLIDING MEMEBER
CONCEPTS
CONCEPTS FOUR BAR LINKAGE WITH SLIDING MEMEBER
CONCEPTS FOUR BAR LINKAGE WITH SLIDING MEMEBER
CONCEPTS FOUR BAR LINKAGE WITH SLIDING MEMEBER
SLIDING CRANK MECHANISM

This is the mechanism formed by the crankshaft, crank, connecting


rod, crosshead, and crosshead guides of the reciprocating steam
CONCEPTS

engine or the crank, connecting rod, piston, and cylinder of an internal


combustion engine.
CONCEPTS SLIDING CRANK MECHANISM
CONCEPTS SLIDING CRANK MECHANISM

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