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Global Pandemic

The document discusses the COVID-19 global pandemic and vaccination efforts. It provides background on notable global pandemics throughout history. It then focuses on details of the COVID-19 pandemic, including key variants like Alpha, Delta, and Omicron. It also examines the economic impact of COVID-19 on India and globally. The document outlines the development of various COVID-19 vaccines and their efficacy and safety. It provides specifics on vaccines developed and produced in India, including Covaxin and Covishield.

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vijay shet
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52 views22 pages

Global Pandemic

The document discusses the COVID-19 global pandemic and vaccination efforts. It provides background on notable global pandemics throughout history. It then focuses on details of the COVID-19 pandemic, including key variants like Alpha, Delta, and Omicron. It also examines the economic impact of COVID-19 on India and globally. The document outlines the development of various COVID-19 vaccines and their efficacy and safety. It provides specifics on vaccines developed and produced in India, including Covaxin and Covishield.

Uploaded by

vijay shet
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Management Studies

GLOBAL PANDEMIC AND


VACCINATION

Presented By : PRANEETH Under the Guidance of :


USN : 1MS22BA075 Dr.Pallavi B
Semester : 2nd Professor
Section : “B” Department of Management Studies
MSRIT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION  COVID-19 EFFECT ON GLOBAL ECONOMY
 HISTORY OF GLOBAL PANDEMICS  DEVELOPMENT OF VACCINES
 HISTORY OF COVID IN RECENT PAST  NOTABLE VACCINES
 OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL PANDEMIC  INDIAN VACCINES
 COUNTRY-WISE ACCESS TO COVID-19  VACCINE EFFICACY AND SAFETY
VACCINES  ROLE & SIGNIFICANCE OF VACCINATION
 COVID WAVES AND VARIENTS
 HOW COVID-19 VACCINE WORKS
 COVID CASES AND DEATHS
 CHALLENGES OF VACCINE DISTRIBUTION
 COVID-19 EFFECT ON INDIAN ECONOMY
 CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
 COVID-19, short for Coronavirus Disease 2019, is a highly
contagious respiratory illness caused by a virus called SARS-
CoV-2.

 The pandemic began in December 2019 when the first


cases were reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China.

 The virus quickly spread globally, leading WHO to declare it


as a pandemic on March 11, 2020.

 The pandemic had significant social, economic, and health


impacts worldwide.
LITERATURE REVIEW
TITLE YEAR AUTHOR SUMMARY
Covid 19 Pandemic: The 2020 Tapas Kumar and Monica It discusses patterns in the
deadly coronavirus Dhole spread of the disease,
outbreak. effects on trade and
commerce; the social and
psychological impact on
people ,the role of
international organizations
and the race for a vaccine.

Covid-19 Vaccines: 10 August 2022 John Schroder Describes about vaccine


Development, Distribution development ,its efficacy
and Mandates. and distribution challenges.
Covid 19 THE PANDEMIC: Its 23 August 2020 Abhishek Bhagat  Gives a profound look at
impact on Health, Economy where the coronavirus
and the World. began - along with its far-
reaching impact and also
the race for a vaccine to
the ripple effect across the
global economy
HISTORY OF GLOBAL PANDEMICS
 The Black Death (1347-1351): Caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, the Black Death
is one of the most infamous pandemics. It killed an estimated 75-200 million people in
Europe, Asia, and Africa, wiping out a significant portion of the world's population.

 Third Cholera Pandemic (1852-1860): Cholera spread from India to Europe, Africa, and
North America, causing tens of millions of deaths due to contaminated water sources.

 Spanish Flu (1918-1919): The H1N1 influenza virus caused this devastating pandemic,
infecting about one-third of the global population and killing an estimated 50 million
people worldwide.

 COVID-19 pandemic (2019-present): The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes


COVID-19, emerged in late 2019. The pandemic led to widespread illness, lockdowns, and
economic disruption globally. As of my last update in September 2021, millions of people
have died due to the virus.
HISTORY OF COVID IN RECENT PAST
OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL PANDEMIC
COVID-19, is a viral diseases caused by the Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

 It was first identified in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan,


Hubei province, China. Since then, it rapidly spread across the
globe causing a global pandemic.

COVID-19 primarily spreads through respiratory droplets when an


infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, or breathes.

It can also spread by touching contaminated surfaces and then


touching the face, mouth, or eyes.
• On average, high-income
countries have vaccinated
one in two people with at
least one dose

• While the low-income


nations still struggle with
the one-for-47 ratio, the
analysis shows.
COVID WAVES AND VARIENTS
 There were total of 65677 variants of covid in the world but only few variants were distinct like Alpha,
Beta, Gamma, Omicron and Delta.
 In India there were only 3 distinct variants.

1.Alpha Variant (B.1.1.7):


 First detected in the United Kingdom
 This variant resulted in 1st wave of covid in India with 1 lakh cases being recorded per day.

2. Delta Variant (B.1.617.2):


 The Delta variant was first identified in India in October 2020.
 This variant resulted in 2nd wave of covid in India with 4 Lakh cases being recorded daily.

3. Omicron variant(B.1.1.529):
 The Omicron variant was detected in India in late 2021 which was a weaker version of delta variant.
 This variant resulted in 3RD wave of covid in India with 2 Lakh cases being recorded everyday.
COVID CASES AND DEATHS

CASES DEATHS
COVID-19 EFFECT ON INDIAN
ECONOMY
GDP Contraction: India's economy experienced a sharp contraction in GDP growth due to lockdowns and

restrictions imposed to control the spread of the virus. In the fiscal year 2020-2021, India's GDP contracted
by around 7.3%, marking the first contraction in decades.

 Unemployment: The pandemic led to widespread job losses and reduced income for many workers,
particularly in sectors like construction, manufacturing, and informal services. Urban areas and daily-wage
laborers were especially hard hit.

 Informal Sector: India has a large informal economy, and many workers in this sector faced income losses
and job insecurity due to lockdowns and reduced economic activity.

 Trade and Supply Chains: Disruptions in global supply chains and international trade had an impact on
sectors dependent on imports and exports. The closure of factories and reduced shipping affected both
production and demand.

 Tourism and Hospitality: The tourism and hospitality sectors suffered immensely due to travel restrictions
and lockdowns. Hotels, airlines, restaurants, and related businesses faced significant revenue losses.
COVID-19 EFFECT ON GLOBAL
ECONOMY
 Global Recession: The pandemic triggered a severe global economic downturn, with most countries
experiencing a contraction in GDP growth. Lockdowns, travel restrictions, and reduced consumer spending
led to decreased economic activity.

 Unemployment and Income Loss: Many businesses faced closures and reduced operations, leading to
widespread job losses and income reduction for workers. Sectors like tourism, hospitality, retail, and
entertainment were particularly hard hit.

 Trade Impact: International trade suffered as a result of restrictions on movement and port closures.
Reduced demand and logistical challenges hindered the movement of goods and services across borders.

 Oil Price Crash: The pandemic, coupled with a price war between major oil-producing countries, led to a
dramatic decline in oil prices. This had a significant impact on oil-exporting nations and the energy sector.

 Financial Markets Volatility: Global financial markets experienced significant volatility in the early stages
of the pandemic. Stock markets saw rapid declines followed by periods of recovery, reflecting uncertainty
and investor sentiment.
DEVELOPMENT OF VACCINES
 Research and Preclinical Studies
 Vaccine Platform Selection
 Clinical Trials
 Emergency Use Authorization and Approval
 Manufacturing and Distribution
NOTABLE VACCINES
 Pfizer-BioNTech
 Moderna
 Oxford-AstraZeneca(COVISHIELD)
 Johnson & Johnson
 Sinopharm and Sinovac
 Covaxin
INDIAN VACCINES
COVAXIN
 Bharat Biotech International Limited (BBIL) is an Indian multinational biotechnology
company headquartered in the city of Hyderabad, India.
 On June 29, 2020, the company got permission to conduct Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials
in India for a developmental COVID-19 vaccine.
 Bharat biotech charged ₹600 for the government and ₹1200 for individuals and earned a
profit of ₹75750 crores.
COVISHIELD
 Developed in the United Kingdom by Oxford University and British-Swedish company
AstraZeneca.
 On 30 December 2020, the vaccine was first approved for use in the UK vaccination
program.
 The vaccine costs around US$3 to US$4 per dose to manufacture.
 Serum institute of India produced the vaccines in India for local use and charged ₹700 for
the Government and up to ₹1500 for individuals and earned a profit of ₹25646 Crores.
VACCINATION EFFICACY AND SAFETY
 Efficacy refers to how well a vaccine prevents disease in a controlled
clinical trial setting.
 mRNA vaccines, such as Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, have shown
efficacy rates of around 90% to 95% in preventing symptomatic COVID-19
infection.
 Viral vector vaccines, like Oxford-AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson,
have shown efficacy rates of around 60% to 90% in preventing
symptomatic COVID-19 infection.
 Common side effects of COVID-19 vaccines include pain or swelling at the
injection site, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, fever, and nausea.
These side effects are usually mild to moderate and resolve within a few
days.
ROLE & SIGNIFICANCE OF VACCINATION

 Reduction in COVID-19 Cases


 Decrease in Severe Illness and Hospitalizations
 Herd Immunity
 Impact on Variants
 Protection of Vulnerable Populations
 Economic Recovery
 Global Collaboration
 Confidence in Public Health Measures
CHALLENGES OF VACCINE DISTRIBUTION
 Limited Vaccine Supply
 Cold Chain Requirements
 Equity and Access
 Distribution Logistics
 Priority Setting
 Public Awareness and Vaccine Hesitancy
 Global Coordination
 Healthcare Infrastructure
CONCLUSION
 COVID-19 vaccination remained a critical tool in ending the pandemic and saving
lives.

 Global efforts in vaccine distribution, equitable access, and vaccine research


continue to be of utmost importance to achieve the goal of controlling COVID-19 and
returning to a sense of normalcy.

 70.3% of the world population has received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine.

 13.48 billion doses have been administered globally, and 158,616 are now
administered each day.

 32.2% of people in low-income countries have received at least one dose.


REFERENCE
 https://www.Wikipedia.com/
 https://ourworldindata.org/covid-vaccinations/
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8637774/
QUESTIONS?
THANK YOU

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