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PH 03 Lec 1

This document provides an introduction to inorganic chemistry. It defines chemistry as the science dealing with the composition and properties of matter and changes in composition. Chemistry is broken down into five main subdisciplines: organic, analytical, physical, inorganic, and biochemistry. Pure substances like elements and compounds are uniform throughout, while mixtures like solutions and suspensions are not. Inorganic chemistry specifically studies compounds that do not contain carbon.

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Ruby Leigh
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32 views29 pages

PH 03 Lec 1

This document provides an introduction to inorganic chemistry. It defines chemistry as the science dealing with the composition and properties of matter and changes in composition. Chemistry is broken down into five main subdisciplines: organic, analytical, physical, inorganic, and biochemistry. Pure substances like elements and compounds are uniform throughout, while mixtures like solutions and suspensions are not. Inorganic chemistry specifically studies compounds that do not contain carbon.

Uploaded by

Ruby Leigh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

PH 03: Pharmaceutical
Inorganic Chemistry
IINTRODUCTION to INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
What is Chemistry?

• The science that deals with the


composition of matter and changes in
composition.
• it may undergo either spontaneously or
established of intentionally because of
environmental conditions.
CHEMISTRY
• the study of matter, analyzing its structure, properties and behavior
to see what happens when they change in chemical reactions.

• the study of matter and its interactions with other matter and
energy.
•Chemistry is often referred to as the
central science because it joins
together physics and mathematics,
biology and medicine, and the earth
and environmental sciences.
• chemistry has been broken into five main subdisciplines:
Organic
Analytical
Physical
Inorganic
Biochemistry
Organic chemistry

• the study of the structure, properties, composition,


reactions, and preparation of carbon-containing
compounds.
Analytical Chemistry
• The science of obtaining, processing, and communicating
information about the composition and structure of matter. In other
words, it is the art and science of determining what matter is and
how much of it exists.

• can be used to identify components in an unknown mixture. For


example, in forensics, drugs are often found in various colored
powders and are analyzed to determine their content. In addition,
paint from a hit an run can be analyzed and compared to the paint
from a known car.
Physical Chemistry
• branch of chemistry concerned with interactions and
transformations of materials.
• it deals with the principles of physics underlying all chemical
interactions (e.g., gas laws)

• uses physics to study chemical problems and to provide a deeper


understanding of chemistry
BIOCHEMISTRY
both life science and a chemical science - it explores
the chemistry of living organisms and the molecular
basis for the changes occurring in living cells. It uses
the methods of chemistry, "Biochemistry has
become the foundation for understanding all
biological processes.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
• concerned with the properties and behavior of inorganic
compounds, which include metals, minerals, and
organometallic compounds.
• studies the properties and reactions of inorganic elements
and compounds that exist naturally in the earth and do not
contain a carbon-hydrogen bond.
What is difference between organic and inorganic chemistry?

• Organic chemistry is the study of compounds that contain carbon.


Inorganic chemistry involves the study of all compounds that do not
contain carbon.

• Both disciplines are important to chemistry when studying the


composition, properties, structure, and chemical reaction of
substances.
Classification of Matter
Classification of Matter
• Pure Substance
• Everything that exists in the earth is a form of a matter
which is further defined as any substance that occupies
space and has mass.

• are substances that are made up of only one kind of particle


and have a fixed or constant structure.
Pure substance
• classified as elements and compounds.

• an Element is a substance that consists of only one type or


kind of atom.
• An element is a pure substance as it cannot be broken down
or transformed into a new substance even by using some
physical or chemical means.
Pure substance
• classified as elements and compounds.
• Compounds, are also pure substances when two or more
elements are combined chemically in a fixed ratio. However,
these substances can be broken down into separate
elements by chemical methods.
Characteristics and Properties Of Pure Substances

• Pure substances are mostly homogeneous in nature


containing only one type of atom or molecule.
• These substances mainly have a constant or uniform
composition throughout.
• The substances have fixed boiling and melting points.
• A pure substance usually participates in a chemical reaction
to form predictable products.
Example of Pure substance
• All elements are mostly pure substances. A few of them
include gold, copper, oxygen, chlorine, diamond, etc.

• Compounds such as water, salt or crystals, baking soda


amongst others are also grouped as pure substances.
MIXTURE
What is a Mixture?
• substance, on the other hand, is impure if it consists of
different kinds of elements combined physically and not
chemically.
• Impure substances are also called mixtures.
Mixtures are further divided
• A Homogeneous mixture occasionally called a solution, is
comparatively unvarying in configuration or constant.

• For example:
• if you liquefy sugar in water and blend it really well, your
concoction is essentially the same, no matter where you
sample it.
• This mixture contains two or more chemical substances.
Mixtures are further divided
• A heterogeneous mixture is a concoction whose configuration
varies from spot to spot within the sample.
• For example,
if you put a little amount of sugar in a vessel, add some sand,
and then shake the jar a couple of times, your concoction
doesn’t have the same configuration all throughout the jar.
As the sand is heftier, there’s possibly more amount of sand
at the bottom of the jar and more sugar at the top part.
These mixtures can be identified visually and separated easily
by physical means.
Characteristics And Properties Of Mixtures Or Impure Substance

• It does not have any specific properties, the properties of the


mixture are a result of the average properties of all the constituents.
• It is formed as a result of a physical change.
• They have a variable composition.
• Their melting and boiling points differ.
Example Of Mixtures

• Some common examples of mixtures include;

• Gas and gas like nitrogen and oxygen in the atmosphere.


• A solution like water and oil.
• Gas and liquid such as water.
• Solid and liquid such as sand and water
Differences Between Pure Substances and Mixtures
Pure Substances Mixtures

It cannot be broken down or separated into new It can be separated using different separation
products. methods.

Constant physical and chemical properties. Mixtures have varying physical and chemical
properties.

Pure substances are made up of a single A mixture is a combination of two substances or


element. elements.
Quizz
1. A pure substance consists of a ………… type of particle/particles?
a. Single
b. Double
c. triple
d. Half
2. A solution is a ……. mixture?
a. Homogeneous c. both
b. Heterogeneous d. Saturated
3. What is true about homogeneous mixture?
• A. Homogeneous mixture is the mixture of two or more than two
components.
• B. In homogeneous mixture the composition and properties are
uniform throughout the mixture
• C. both (a) and (b) are true
• D. none of the above
4. Which of the following properties does not describe a compound?

• A. It is composed of two or more elements


• B. It is a pure substance.
• C. It cannot be separated into constituents by physical means
• D. It is mixed in any proportion by mass
5. Which of the following is not a homogeneous mixture?
• A. Air
• B. Tincture of iodine
• C. Sugar solution
• D. milk

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