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The document discusses the fundamental duties and rights of Indian citizens as outlined in the country's constitution. It provides details on the 11 fundamental duties of citizens and explains how they obligate Indians to respect national symbols, promote unity and brotherhood, protect the environment, and develop scientific temper. It also outlines the original 7 fundamental rights regarding equality, freedom, anti-exploitation, freedom of religion, cultural rights, property rights, and right to constitutional remedies.

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Rangith Prabu
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39 views

Geography Project

The document discusses the fundamental duties and rights of Indian citizens as outlined in the country's constitution. It provides details on the 11 fundamental duties of citizens and explains how they obligate Indians to respect national symbols, promote unity and brotherhood, protect the environment, and develop scientific temper. It also outlines the original 7 fundamental rights regarding equality, freedom, anti-exploitation, freedom of religion, cultural rights, property rights, and right to constitutional remedies.

Uploaded by

Rangith Prabu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HISTORY AND

CIVICS
PROJECT
“Fundamental
Duties Complement
Fundamental Rights”
Fundamental Duties......
The fundamental duties of citizens were added to the constitution by the 42nd
Amendment in 1976, upon the recommendations of the Swaran
Singh Committee that was constituted by the government earlier that year.
Originally ten in number, the fundamental duties were increased to eleven by
the 86th Amendment in 2002, which added a duty on every parent or
guardian to ensure that their child or ward was provided opportunities for
education between the ages of six and fourteen years. The other fundamental
duties obligate all citizens to respect the national symbols of India , including
the constitution , to cherish its heritage , preserve its composite culture  and
assist in its defence . They also obligate all Indians to promote the spirit of
common brotherhood , protect the environment and public property, develop 
scientific temper, abjure violence , and strive towards excellence in all spheres of
life . In case of violation of fundamental duties enshrined in the constitution
by a citizen including President, Vice President, Speaker, parliament
members, state legislative members, etc., it amounts to contempt of the
constitution which is punishable under  Prevention of Insults to National
Honour Act, 1971. Supreme court has ruled that these fundamental duties can
also help the court to decide the constitutionality of a law passed by the
legislature . There is reference to such duties in international instruments such
as the  Universal Declaration of Human Rights and International Covenant on
Civil and Political Rights, and Article 51A brings the Indian constitution into
conformity with these treaties.
The fundamental duties noted in the constitution are
as follows:

It shall be the duty of every citizen of India —

 To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the
National Flag and the National Anthem;

 To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle
for freedom;

 To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India;

 To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do
so;

 To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the
people of India transcending religious, linguistic, and regional or sectional
diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;
 To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;

 To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers,
wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures;

 To develop the scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and
reform;

 To safeguard public property and to abjure violence;

 To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so


that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement;

 Who is a parent or guardian , to provide opportunities for education to his


child , or as the case may be , ward between the age of six to fourteen years.
Fundamental Rights......
The Fundamental Rights, embodied in Part III of the Constitution , guarantee
civil rights to all Indians and prevent the State from encroaching an
individual's liberty while simultaneously placing upon it an obligation to
protect the citizens' rights from encroachment by society. Seven fundamental
rights were originally provided by the Constitution – the right to equality,
right to freedom, right against exploitation , right to freedom of religion ,
cultural and educational rights, right to property and right to constitutional
remedies. However, the right to property was removed from Part III of the
Constitution by the 44th Amendment in 1978. The purpose of the
Fundamental Rights is to preserve individual liberty and democratic
principles based on equality of all members of society. Dr Ambedkar said that
the responsibility of the legislature is not just to provide fundamental rights
but also and rather, more importantly, to safeguard them.
They act as limitations on the powers of the legislature and executive , under
Article 13, and in case of any violation of these rights the Supreme Court of
India and the High Courts of the states have the power to declare such legislative
or executive action as unconstitutional and void . These rights are largely
enforceable against the State , which as per the wide definition provided in
Article 12, includes not only the legislative and executive wings of the federal
and state governments, but also local administrative authorities and other
agencies and institutions which discharge public functions or are of a
governmental character. However, there are certain rights – such as those in
Articles 15, 17, 18, 23, 24 – that are also available against private individuals.
Further, certain Fundamental Rights – including those under Articles 14, 20,
21, 25 – apply to persons of any nationality upon Indian soil , while others –
such as those under Articles 15, 16, 19, 30 – are applicable only to citizens of
India .
Thank You....

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