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Lecture 1

This document provides an overview of the course CSE211 - Computer Organization and Design. The course covers 4 credit hours and includes lectures, tutorials, and practical sessions. Topics covered include basics of digital electronics, logic gates, flip flops, encoders, multiplexers, and demultiplexers. It also discusses basic computer organization terms like digital, binary, instructions, and programs. The document outlines the basic components of computers and provides definitions of computer organization, architecture, and design. It describes the structure and function of combinational and sequential circuits.

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PRINCE RAJ
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
23 views

Lecture 1

This document provides an overview of the course CSE211 - Computer Organization and Design. The course covers 4 credit hours and includes lectures, tutorials, and practical sessions. Topics covered include basics of digital electronics, logic gates, flip flops, encoders, multiplexers, and demultiplexers. It also discusses basic computer organization terms like digital, binary, instructions, and programs. The document outlines the basic components of computers and provides definitions of computer organization, architecture, and design. It describes the structure and function of combinational and sequential circuits.

Uploaded by

PRINCE RAJ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSE211

Computer Organization and


Design

Lecture : 3 Tutorial: 1 Practical: 0 Credit: 4

1
Unit 1 : Basics of Digital Electronics

Introduction
Logic Gates
Flip Flops
Decoder
Encoder
Multiplexers
Demultiplexer

2
Basic Terms
• Digital
• Digital Computers
• Storage?
• Base- Decimal, Binary
• Instruction
• Program

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What are the components of
Computers?

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Basic Organization of a Computer

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Computer Organization and Architecture lets
you know how exactly each instruction is
executed at the micro level. The data flow,
timing analysis, memory hierarchy, trade offs
between execution cycles, hardware
requirements/costs, software-hardware trade-
offs can be known.

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• Computer Organization : It is concerned with the way
hardware components operate and the way they are
connected together to form a computer system.
• Computer Architecture : It is concerned with the
structure and behavior of the computer as seen by the
user. It includes the information, formats, the
instruction set, and techniques for addressing
memory.
• Computer Design : It is concerned with the hardware
design of the computer. Computer design is concerned
with the determination of what hardware should be
used and how the parts should be connected.

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Computer Organization

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Instruction set architecture
• the instruction set architecture refers to what the
programmer sees as the machine's instruction set.
The instruction set is the boundary between the
hardware and the software, and most of the
decisions concerning the instruction set affect the
hardware, and the converse is also true, many
hardware decisions may beneficially/adversely affect
the instruction set.

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Structure & Function
• Structure is the way in which components
relate to each other
• Function is the operation of individual
components as part of the structure

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Question
• The output X of X-OR gate is high when
1. A=1 , B=1
2. A=0 , B=1
3. A=0 , B=0
4. A=1 , B=0
5. 2nd and 4th both
6. None of these

18
Integrated Circuits

An IC is a small silicon semiconductors crystal called chip containing the


electronic components for digital gates.
- Various gates are interconnected inside chip to form required circuit.
- Chip is mounted in ceramic/plastic container connected to external pin

Small scale Integration (SSI) : less than 10 gates

Medium Scale Integration(MSI) : between 10 to 200 gates


(decoders, adders, registers)

Large Scale Integration(LSI) : between 200 and few thousands gates


( Processors, Memory Chips)

Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) : Thousands of gate within


single package ( Large Memory Arrays, Complex Microcomputer Chips)

19
Combinational Circuits
• No feedback paths
• No memory
• Combinational circuit is a connected arrangement of logic gates with set of
inputs and outputs.
• Binary values of outputs are a function of binary combination of inputs.
• Output is independent of time and depends only on the present input.
• Examples are half Adder, Full adder, Encoder, Decoder, Multiplexer, De-
multiplexer.

20
Sequential Circuits
• Feedback paths exist
• Memory present
• 2 Types- Synchronous and Asynchronous
• Synchronous sequential circuits employ signals that effect
storage elements only at discrete instants of time.
• Synchronization is achieved with help of device called clock.
• Output depends not only on present input but also on the
past output.
• Examples are Flip-flop, register, counter.

21
Sequential Circuits

22
Question
• Sequential circuits have which of the following
signal?
– Inputs
– Outputs
– Feedback
– All of above

23
Question
• Combinational circuits don’t have which of the
following signal?
– Inputs
– Outputs
– Feedback
– All of above

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Race Around Condition
• C1. Level Triggered J-K Flip Flop
• C2. When J=K=1 (Toggle Mode)
• C3. Tw >> Td

Master Slave Truth Table


J K Q
0 0 Q
0 1 0
1 0 1
1 1 Q`
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