ELECTRONIC

&
COMPUTER By: Obed Kwashie Abavor
HARDWARE
 SECTION 4

PC POWER
SUPPORT
 UNIT 1

COMPUTER
SYSTEMS
 OBJECTIVE
Trainees will be able to;
• Prevent electrical shocks.
• Explain static electricity
• State the damages static electricity can cause
• Describe static control methods.
• Explain the need for using the static shield bags.
• Explain EMI
• Explain Surge Protection and Battery backup
• Explain surge suppressors
• Explain the functions of UPS.
• Explain the functions of Intelligent UPS.
• Describe factors to consider when buying a UPS.
 PROCEDURE FOR PREVENTING
ELECTRICAL SHOCKS
• Turn the power source off - Whenever a project involves exposure to
electrical equipment or electricity, check and double-check that the
power is off before beginning your work.
• Wear protective gear - Rubber soled shoes and non-conductive
gloves provide a barrier.
• Exercise caution when operating power tools - Make sure that all of
your tools have a three-pronged plug, and inspect all equipment for
signs of damage.
• Double up - It is always wise to have a second person around to assist
you when working with electricity.
• Call a professional for big jobs - Working with electricity is
inherently dangerous and complicated.
 STATIC ELECTRICITY
Static Electricity is the accumulation of electrical charges in an
object. Whenever the casing of a computer is opened and its
internal workings are exposed to change a hard drive or add
memory chips for example there is a danger of damaging the
computer with the buildup of static electricity that is held by the
human body
Damages static electricity can cause: Can cause
considerable damage to the hard drive if it is zapped with even a
small amount. It is very possible for you to be damaging your
sensitive electronic components inside your case from
Electrostatic Discharge without knowing it
 STATIC ELECTRICITY conts.
Static control methods: It is essential to handle ESDS (Electrostatic
Sensitive) devices at static-safe workstations. This will prevent yield
loss (through catastrophic damage) or, worse, potential reliability
failures in the field (through latent damage). Where it is impractical or
impossible to use anti-static wrist-straps or remove items that are
composed of insulate materials at a static-safe workstation, use an air
ionizer designed to neutralize electrostatic charges or apply topical
antistats to control generation and accumulation of static charges. When
an air ionizer is utilized, it is vital that maintenance procedures and
schedules are adhered to in order to ensure that ions generated by the
ionizer are sufficiently balanced. Avoid bringing sources of static
electricity within 1 meter of a static-safe work bench. Where it is
necessary to use air-guns, use special models that do not generate static
charges in the air stream
 STATIC ELECTRICITY conts.
Need for using the static shield bags:
To create the anti-static effect, the black bags or silver bags are
slightly conductive; forming what is known as a Faraday Cage
around the item to be protected avoiding any discharges from
being deposited onto the protected devices as the bags are
handled.
 EMI
Electrical 'noise' caused by electric motors, machines,
generators, and other equipment that interferes with the
integrity of data being processed in nearby computers or
passing through transmission lines.
or
EMI is unwanted noise or interference in an electrical
path or circuit caused by an outside source. It is also
known as radio frequency interference. EMI can cause
electronics to operate poorly, malfunction or stop
working completely
 SURGE PROTECTION AND BATTERY
BACKUP
Surge protection is the process of protecting electrical
devices from voltage spikes. A surge protector attempts
to limit the voltage supplied to an electric device by
either blocking or by shorting to ground any unwanted
voltages above a safe threshold.
Battery backups will hold up quite a bit longer but will
also fail or drain the battery after so many power hits.
Again, that is exactly what these devices are designed to
do so don’t get upset when they seem to stop working.
 SURGE PROTECTION AND
BATTERY BACKUP conts.
Surge Suppressors: A surge suppressor is a device inserted in the
alternating current (AC) utility line and/or telephone line to prevent
damage to electronic equipment from voltage "spikes"
Function of UPS: Uninterruptible power supply is a device that
typically uses a battery backup as an alternative power ration, to
provide uninterrupted power supply for electronic devices attached.
Functions of Intelligent UPS: An intelligent UPS is integrated with
terminal concentrator functionality; it can provide pass-through
serial connection between the management computer and the server
running Windows Server 2003. In this case, the port on the
management computer has a serial connection to an external serial
port on the UPS which in turn has a serial connection to the server.
 FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN
BUYING A UPS.
Equipment - Determine what equipment you will need to
connect to the UPS.
Power - With the number of equipment you know you
need to be plug into the UPS, you’ll also know how much
power you’ll need.
Backup Runtime - You also need to identify how much
backup runtime you will need for your UPS. Types of UPS
- There are three types of UPS you can choose. Each offers
different features that are best for different types of
equipment.
 FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN
BUYING A UPS. conts.
Where to Install - It is also important to identify where
you will have your UPS installed. There are two kinds of
UPS: the tower UPS, which is usually used for desktop
computers and the rack-mount, UPS, used for servers and
networks. In knowing where the UPS will be placed, you’ll
know which kind to get.
Warranty - Be sure to carefully check these. Some
companies offer up to three years warranty plus preventive
maintenance and onsite repairs.
 TYPES OF UPS. conts.
Types of UPS
There are three (3) major types
• Online Double Conversion
When it comes to safeguarding critical IT loads, only online
double conversion technology
protects fully against all these power problems, providing the
highest levels of security for networks.
An online UPS system is usually called double conversion as
well because incoming power is converted to direct current (DC)
and then converted back to AC. This AC-DC/DC- AC design
ensures an increased degree of isolation of the load from the
irregularities on the main supply.
 TYPES OF UPS. conts.
Types of UPS
There are three (3) major types
• Line-Interactive
Line-interactive UPS systems provide both power conditioning
and battery backup. This technology is particularly effective in
areas where outages are rare, but power fluctuations are common.
Line-interactive UPS systems support a wide range of input
voltage fluctuations before switching to battery backup.
Beyond battery backup, line-interactive UPS provides far better
control over power fluctuations then offline systems. The critical
advantage of line-interactive UPS is the voltage boost circuitry
and the range of input voltage that that UPS accepts. The wider
the range, the more total protection you will have.
 TYPES OF UPS. conts.
Types of UPS
There are three (3) major types
• Offline/Standby/Battery Backup
Offline UPS, also called standby UPS or battery backup, is a
cost-effective choice. Better offline UPS systems switch to
battery fast enough to prevent power anomalies and ride out short
outages. An offline UPS protects against most spikes, but doesn’t
maintain perfect power during minor sags and surges.
The key to offline UPS quality is the range of power the unit will
except before switching to battery backup. The wider the range,
the less drain on the battery and the more backup time available
when the power shuts off. The more times the UPS switches to
battery backup, the shorter the battery life.
 KINDS OF UPS
Tower UPS which is usually used for desktop
computers.
Rack-mount UPS it is used for servers and networks.
FINITO