FRACTIONS

LEVEL 1 & LEVEL 2

 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Reach for the
• Find out what a fraction is stars! If you see a
• Understand proper and improper fractions That is L2
• Understand equivalent fractions and how to make them
• How to simplify fractions
• Express as a fraction
• Find a fraction of an amount
• Compare fractions
• How to add and subtract like and unlike fractions
• Understand mixed numbers and improper fractions
• Convert mixed numbers and improper fractions
• Add and subtract mixed numbers and improper fractions
On a scale of 1 to 10 what do you know
about fractions?

ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.

 WHEN DO WE USE FRACTIONS?

• Shopping – when there is a sale with 1/3 or ½ off marked price.

• Cooking – if it asks you to use half a cup or ¼ tablespoon
• Drinks – to make dilute juice or mocktails different fractions of liquids are mixed in
the right amounts
• Fitness – we use fractions to understand BMI
• Test and exams – some tests and exams results are expressed as fractions 8/20
• Time – ½ an hour for 30 minutes
 FRACTIONS

• When a whole or a group is divided into equal parts a fraction is created.

This is how a
The top number is called fraction is written;
one number over
the numerator. It another.
represents the number of
parts being considered.
The bottom number is
called the denominator.
It represents the total
number of parts.
SOME FRACTIONS AND HOW WE SAY THEM
 FRACTIONS EQUAL TO A WHOLE

A fraction with the same numerator and denominator is equal to 1

whole, for example:

=1 =1 =1 =1

=1 =1
 PROPER AND IMPROPER FRACTIONS

A proper fraction has a numerator smaller An improper fraction has a numerator

than the denominator, larger than (or equal to) the denominator,
for example: for example:

Can be called top

heavy!
 FRACTIONS
Parts of a whole.

The pizza has been cut into

four equal pieces. Each piece
is one quarter (¼) .

¼ has been eaten.

¾ are left.
 FRACTIONS

Parts of a group.

There are six people in the group.

2/6 are children.

4/6 are adults.

 FRACTIONS

A cake is cut into eight

equal pieces.

One piece is eaten.

What fraction was eaten? 1/8

7/8
What fraction is left?
 FRACTIONS
There are a pot of 12 crayons.

5 crayons are red and the rest are

blue.

What fraction of the crayons are

red? 5/12

What fraction of the crayons are

blue?
7/12
 EQUIVALENT FRACTIONS

Equivalent fractions are equal. They have different numerators and

denominators but are equal in value.
You make equivalent fractions by multiplying or dividing both the numerator
and denominator by the same number.

Look how these

fractions take up
the same amount
but the numerator
and denominators
are different!
 Remember to
show your
working!
EQUIVALENT FRACTIONS

You can calculate missing numbers in equivalent fractions by working out what
has been done to one number in the fraction then doing the same to the other.
You can use reverse calculation: 5/9 = ?/81
3/7 = 12/28
81 ÷ 9 = 9
12 ÷ 3 = 4 so 3 x 4 = 12 9 x 9 = 81
5 x 9 = 45
28 ÷ 7 = 4 so 4 x 7 = 28
So 5/9 = 45/81
 EQUIVALENT FRACTIONS Remember to
show your
working!
What number is missing?

5/16 = 25/ 80 4/12 = 24/72

25 ÷ 5 = 5 5 x 5 = 25 72 ÷ 12 = 6 12 x 6 = 72
16 x 5 = 80 4 x 6 = 24
 FRACTION WALL

A fraction wall can be Which of the following

fractions are equal?
used to help identify
equivalent fractions. 1/2

6/10

4/8

1/2 = 4/8 1/4

6/12
1/3 = 2/6
2/5
EQUIVALENT FRACTIONS
 SIMPLIFYING FRACTIONS

To simplify a fraction you divide

the numerator and denominator by
their highest common factor.

You can find the highest common

factor by thinking about your
times tables. What same number
can the numerator and
denominator be divided by.
 SIMPLIFYING FRACTIONS
Factors of 10:
1, 2, 5, 10
Simplifying means making the fraction the
smallest it can go.
10 5 is the largest factor to
both 10 and 15.
15 Factors of 15:
1, 3, 5, 15
To simplify a fraction you divide the
numerator and denominator by their highest
common factor.

÷5
You can find the highest common factor by 10 = 2
thinking about your times tables. What
same number can the numerator and 15 3
denominator be divided by. ÷5
SIMPLIFYING FRACTIONS
Factors of 12:
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
12 12 is the largest
factor to both 12
36 Factors of 36:
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, and 36.
12

÷ 12
12 = 1
36 3
÷ 12
 SIMPLIFYING FRACTIONS
Sometimes it is easier to simplify in
Tip! If the numbers end in 5 or
steps. Divide the top and bottom 0 you can divide by 5.
numbers of the fraction by a common
factor until they cannot be divided any
further. Remember to
show your
÷2 ÷2 ÷3 working!
12 6 3 = 1
= =
36 18 9 3
÷2
÷2 ÷3
 SIMPLIFYING FRACTIONS

• Write these fractions in their simplest form

1. 75/120
Remember to
2. 54/72 show your
3. 9/81 working!

4. 7/42
5. 18/100
 ANSWERS

1. 5/8
2. ¾
3. 1/9
4. 1/6
5. 9/50
 QUESTIONS

1. Lee is the manager of a nursery. On a Monday 30 children usually attend. This

Monday there are only 22 children. What fraction of children are at nursery today?
Give your answer in the simplest form.
2. The nursery are planning a trip. They have sent consent letters out to parents. Out of
65 children only 35 have returned their forms.
a. What fraction have returned their forms?
b. What fraction have not returned their forms? Give your answers in the simplest form.
 ANSWERS

• 1. 22/30 ÷ 2 = 11/15

• 2a. 35/65 ÷ 5 = 7/13

• 2b. 30/65 ÷ 5 = 6/13
 Remember to
show your
EXPRESSING AS A FRACTION working!

To express one amount as a fraction of another amount you write the first number
as the top number and the second number as the bottom number. Then simplify.
Write 24 as a fraction of 120.
24/120 ÷ 24 = 1/5
Write 40 mins as a fraction of 1 hour Tip! Both quantities
40/60 ÷ 20 = 2/3
must be in the same
units
One number expressed as a fraction
of another - questions
Express the following as fractions, and simplify the fractions where possible:

(a) In a recent maths test, 16 of the 20 students passed the test.

𝟏𝟔 𝟒
=
𝟐𝟎 𝟓
(b) In a Year 2 class, 24 pupils out of 32 have school dinners.
𝟐𝟒 𝟑
=
𝟑𝟐 𝟒
(c) In a recent maths test, Bella got 48 out of 80 marks.
𝟒𝟖 𝟑
=
𝟖𝟎 𝟓
 Remember to
EXPRESSING AS A FRACTION show your
working!

350 out of 400 students, in their first year of university, live in student halls. Write
this as a fraction in its simplest form.
350/400 ÷ 150 = 7/8

150g of flour from a 1kg bag is used to bake a cake.

Write this as a fraction in its simplest form.
150/1000 ÷ 50 = 3/20
 Remember
to show
your
FINDING A FRACTION OF AN AMOUNT working!

• To find a fraction of an amount; divide the amount by the bottom number and
multiply by the top number.

3/5 of 750? ¼ of 200 3/7 of 126

÷ by bottom 750 ÷ 5 = 150 200 ÷ 4 = 50 126 ÷ 7 = 18
X by top 150 x 3 = 450 50 x 1 = 50 18 x 3 = 54

When the top

number is 1 there
is really no need
to multiply
 FINDING A FRACTION OF AN AMOUNT
Remember to
Calculate: show your
working and
include units
a. 1/8 of 72 = d. 2/5 of 275 = in your
b. 1/7 of £1050 = e. 11/12 of £576 = answer!

c. 1/6 of 1272 = f. 5/9 of 135 =

 FINDING A FRACTION OF AN AMOUNT
Remember to
Calculate: show your
working and
include units
a. 1/8 of 72 = 9 d. 2/5 of 275 = 110 in your
b. 1/7 of £1050 = £150 e. 11/12 of £576 = £528 answer!

c. 1/6 of 1272 = 212 f. 5/9 of 135 = 75

 FINDING A FRACTION OF AN AMOUNT

Jay uses the train to commute to and from work. The train company are
offering 1/3 off a monthly season ticket, which costs £900.
Remember to
show your
working!
a. How much will Jay save?
b. How much will Jay pay?
 FINDING A FRACTION OF AN AMOUNT

Jay uses the train to commute to and from work. The train company are
offering 1/3 off a monthly season ticket, which costs £900.
Remember to
show your
a. 900 ÷ 3 = £300 working!

b. 900 – 300 = £600

Comparing fractions
Which is bigger: or ?
One way to decide which is greater, is to use what we call a mediating quantity.
A mediating quantity can be any number, but usually chosen to make any future calculations as
simple as possible.
The idea is to find and of a mediating quantity and see which answer is greater.
Let’s use 40 as our mediating quantity as it is divisible by both 10 and 4.
We looked at how to find fractions of numbers in the previous slides so we can apply this here:

of 40 = 12 and of 40 = 10
As 12 is larger than 10, must be larger than .
 ADDING & SUBTRACTING FRACTIONS
To add or subtract fractions their denominators (bottom numbers) must be the same.
These are called like fractions

Add or subtract the numerators (top numbers) only. The denominator (bottom
number) stays the same
 ADDING & SUBTRACTING FRACTIONS

Tamara & Luke order pizza. Tamara eats 5/8 and Luke eats 1/8.
Remember to
show your
a. How much pizza did they eat?
working!
b. How much pizza is left?
 ADDING & SUBTRACTING FRACTIONS

Tamara & Luke order pizza. Tamara eats 5/8 and Luke eats 1/8.

a. 5/8 + 1/8 = 6/8

b. 8/8 – 6/8 = 2/8
 ADDING & SUBTRACTING UNLIKE
FRACTIONS
When the denominators are different, you need to find the lowest common multiple of the
two denominators and then write each of the fractions with an equivalent fraction using
that lowest common multiple as the denominator.

For example, for + we need to find the lowest common multiple of 8 and 6.
Think about the 6 & 8 timetables. 6, 12, 18, 24 & 8, 16, 24.
24 is the lowest common multiple so this becomes the number for each
denominator.

+
 ADDING & SUBTRACTING UNLIKE
FRACTIONS
• What did you do to 6 to get to 24? X 4
• What did you do to 8 to get to 24? X 3.
• Now multiply the top numbers by the same as the bottom number.
• 1 x 4 = 4 1 x 3 = 3 These are your new top numbers.
This method is also used
to subtract. You just
• = and = subtract the final
fraction rather than
adding!
Now you can add + = =
ANOTHER METHOD TO ADD AND SUBTRACT
UNLIKE FRACTIONS
Remember to
show your
The butterfly method: working and
1. Multiply the numerators and denominators diagonally. simplify!

2. Add those answers together to create the new numerator.

3. Multiply the denominators by each other to create the new denominator.
4. Simplify the fraction.
ANOTHER METHOD TO ADD AND SUBTRACT
UNLIKE FRACTIONS
Remember to
show your
The butterfly method: working and
simplify
1. Multiply the numerators and 1x8=8
denominators diagonally. 6x1=6

2. Add those answers together to + 14 7

8 + 6 = 14
48 =
create the new numerator.
24
3. Multiply the denominators by each 6 x 8 = 48
other to create the new
denominator.
÷2
4. Simplify the fraction.
ANOTHER METHOD TO ADD AND SUBTRACT
UNLIKE FRACTIONS
This is an
improper fraction.
The butterfly method: It can be written
1. Multiply the numerators and as a mixed
number
denominators diagonally. a. ¾ + 1/5 = 19/20
2. Add those answers together to b. ¾ - 1/5 = 11/20
create the new numerator.
c. 1/3 + 5/6 = 21/18 = 1 3/18
3. Multiply the denominators by each d. 5/6 – 1/3 = 9/18 = 1/2
other to create the new
denominator. Remember to
4. Simplify the fraction. show your
working and
simplify!
 Remember to
show your
QUESTION working and
simplify!

The nursery kitchen has 2/3 of a sack of potatoes. How much will be left if the cook uses
another 1/6?
2/3 – 1/6

2 & 3 have lowest common factor of 6. So 1/6 stays the same. And 6 becomes the denominator
of the other fraction.
To get 3 to 6 x 2. So to get the other numerator 2 x 2 = 4
4/6 – 1/6 = 3/6 = 1/2
 IMPROPER FRACTIONS & MIXED NUMBERS

Improper fractions and

mixed numbers are two
different ways of writing
fractions that are greater
than one.
FRACTIONS NUMBER LINE TO SHOW
IMPROPER FRACTIONS AND MIXED
NUMBERS
 CONVERTING IMPROPER FRACTIONS TO
MIXED NUMBERS
• Convert to a mixed number
• We want to know how many whole numbers we can get from this and what
will be ‘left over’.

• We know: four quarters is the same as 1 whole i.e. = 1 whole

• So: seven quarters is the same as 1 whole, with three quarters ‘left
over’

Answer: 1
 CONVERTING IMPROPER FRACTIONS TO
MIXED NUMBERS
• Count how many of the denominator go into the numerator – use your times tables
• You then have whole number(s) and remainder
• The denominator does not change
• The remainder become the numerator

4 goes into 9 twice with 1 left over. So you have 2 wholes and1 left over. The denominator does not
change, the 1 left over goes on top of the denominator (1/4) then put that with the 2 wholes
9/4 = 2 ¼
 CONVERTING MIXED NUMBERS TO
IMPROPER FRACTIONS
• Convert 2 to an improper fraction
• 2 is made up of the whole number 2 plus the fraction , so 2 is the
same as 2 +

• Each whole number is made up of five fifths (as 1 = ).

• So 2 is the same as ten fifths.
• Adding the extra one fifth, gives us a total of eleven fifths.
Answer:
 CONVERTING MIXED NUMBERS TO
IMPROPER FRACTIONS

• Multiply the denominator by the whole number

• Add that to the numerator and put it over the denominator
• The denominator does not change
3½
2x3=6 6+1=7
7/2
 CONVERTING IMPROPER FRACTIONS AND
MIXED NUMBERS

Convert:

a. 8/3 =
b. 8 2/3 =
c. 34/8 =
d. 4 1/7 =
 CONVERTING IMPROPER FRACTIONS AND
MIXED NUMBERS

Convert:

a. 8/3 = 2 2/3
b. 8 2/3 = 26/3
c. 34/8 = 4 2/8
d. 4 1/7 = 29/7
 ADD AND SUBTRACT MIXED NUMBERS

When doing calculations involving improper fractions and mixed numbers, it is

often easier to convert them to decimals and then perform the calculation.

To convert a fraction to a decimal you divide the top number by the bottom
number.
10/4 = 10 ÷ 4 = 2.5
3 2/5 = 2 ÷ 5 = 0.4 then add the 3 = 3.4
 ADD AND SUBTRACT MIXED NUMBERS

Oliver, Leah & Mervin have been picking strawberries. Oliver has 2 ½ baskets, Leah
has 3 ¼ baskets and Mervin has 3 ¾ baskets.
How many full baskets of strawberries do they have in total?
Convert fractions to decimals
½ = 1 ÷ 2 = 0.5 ¼ = 1 ÷ 4 = 0.25 ¾ = 3 ÷ 4 = 0.75
0.5 + 0.25 + 0.75 = 1.5
1.5 + 2 + 3 + 3 = 9.5 baskets = 9 ½ baskets
 ADD AND SUBTRACT MIXED NUMBERS

Mervin gives his 3 ¾ baskets away.

How many full baskets of strawberries do they have in total now?
Convert fractions to decimals
9½-3¾
½ = 0.5 ¾ = 0.75
9.5 – 3.75 = 5.75 baskets = 5 ¾ baskets
FRACTIONS, DECIMALS & PERCENTAGES
 CONVERT FRACTION TO A DECIMAL

Convert a fraction to a decimal by dividing the top number by the bottom

number.
Example: ¼ = 1 ÷ 4 = 0.25

• You try! Convert 1/3 to a decimal.

 CONVERT FRACTION TO A PERCENTAGE

Convert a fraction to a percentage by converting to a decimal then multiply by

100.

Example: 1/8 = 1 ÷ 8 = 0.125 x 100 = 12.5%

You try! Convert 1/6 to a percentage

 MATCHING GAME

• Matching Fractions, Decimals and Percentages (maths.org)

Exam Style Questions

Level 1 or Level 2
 PLENARY
• When the denominator and numerator are equal the fraction is equal to 1.
• Fractions can represent parts of a whole and parts of a group
• Find fraction of an amount; ÷ bottom and x top
• Equivalent fractions are equal in value. Make them by x or ÷ both top & bottom by same
number
• Highest common factor – largest whole number of both numbers
• Simplify fraction by ÷ top and bottom number by highest common factor
• Sometimes easier to simplify in steps
• Expressing as a fraction – put first number over second number and simplify
• When denominators are different multiply so they share the same denominator
• Sometimes easier to change fractions to decimals to calculate.
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Reach for the
• Find out what a fraction is stars! If you see a
• Understand proper and improper fractions That is L2
• Understand equivalent fractions and how to make them
• How to simplify fractions
• Express as a fraction
• Find a fraction of an amount
• Compare fractions
• How to add and subtract like and unlike fractions
• Understand mixed numbers and improper fractions
• Convert mixed numbers and improper fractions
• Add and subtract mixed numbers and improper fractions
On a scale of 1 to 10 what do you know
about fractions?

ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.

 HOMEWORK

BKSB L1 – Fractions – improper fractions & mixed fractions, Fractions of an amount &
Estimate fractions
L2 – Fractions – equivalent fractions, improper fractions & mixed numbers & Evaluate
fractions

CGP Book
L1 P. 19 – 23
L2 P. 12 - 20
 VIDEOS
• Numbers - Fractions - Level 1 – YouTube
• Numbers - Fractions (Video 1) – YouTube
• Numbers - Fractions (Video 2) – YouTube
• Numbers - Fractions (Video 3) - YouTube
• Numbers - Fractions (Video 4) – YouTube
• Numbers - Fractions (Video 5) - YouTube
• Fractions Worksheet - Level 1 – YouTube
• Fractions Worksheet - Level 2 – YouTube
• Numbers - Fractions, Decimals and Percentages - Level 1 (Video 1) - YouTube
• Numbers - Fractions, Decimals and percentages (Video 2) - YouTube
• Fractions, Decimals and Percentages Worksheet - Level 1 – YouTube
• Numbers - Fractions, Decimals and percentages (Video 3) - YouTube
• Fractions, Decimals and Percentages Worksheet - Level 2 - YouTube