DISCIPLINE AND

IDEAS IN THE APPLIED

SOCIAL SCIENCES
MAM TONI ROSE T. GALANG
IT IS AN ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE THAT
PROVIDES GUIDANCE TO INDIVIDUALS
BY UTILIZING PSYCHOLOGICAL
METHODS.
IT EMPOWERS DIVERSE INDIVIDUALS,
FAMILIES, AND GROUPS TO
ACCOMPLISH MENTAL HEALTH,
WELLNESS, EDUCATION AND CAREER
GOALS.
DISCIPLINE SCOPE
S
COUNSELING
GOALS PRINCIPLES
“ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF
COUNSELORS”
“AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION WHERE
COUNSELORS WORK”

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1. INFORMATION SERVICE
◦ Accumulation and dissemination of information for student’s
growth and better adjustment.
◦ Provides personal, career and social information to the students
◦ Helps students possess basic knowledge, develop decision-
making skills, and other life skills.
◦ Ex. DRUG AWARENESS AND DISSEMINATION SEMINARS
 2. INDIVIDUAL INVENTORY
SERVICE
◦ Counselors gather data on students’ personal information, ability,
interest, skills, family background, socio-economic, status,
educational background, and other related information.
◦ Student information is collected through the cumulative record,
test results, interview, observation and other tools and techniques.
◦ Ex. LIS or Learners’ Information System
3. COUNSELING SERVICE
◦ An integral part of the guidance program
◦ The counselor establishes a professional relationship
with students or the counselee.
◦ The counselor assists the counselee in identifying his
problem and develop insights in solving his problems.
◦ MAIN GOAL: to develop the capacities of the counselee towards
self awareness and self-realization.
 4. REFERRAL SERVICE
◦ A helping process that seeks specialized assistance
to other professional, office or agency.

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 5. CONSULTATION SERVICE
◦ The counselor works through the
third party like parents, teachers
and school administrators to
better serve students.

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6. FOLOW-UP SERVICE
◦ Counselors contact former students
who receive assistance to monitor
and evaluate his progress and
performance and to provide
educational assistance to make the
service comprehensive.
 7. CAREER PLACEMENT
SERVICE
◦ Focuses on educational and occupational
placement.
◦ Helps students choose the appropriate
courses or programs and employment based
on their personal and professional qualities.
◦ For graduating students, this service will
prepare them as they enter the world of
work.
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 8. TESTING SERVICE
◦ Counselors administer a different test to
acquire a measure of the students’ traits
and attributes to predict future
performance, diagnose problems and
learning difficulties of students.

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9. RESEARCH SERVICE
◦ Necessary to improve the guidance
program to better assist students in
their needs and advance the services
and programs offered by the school.
◦ Ex. Gather data on the needs of the
students

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 10. EVALUATION SERVICE
◦ An important part of the guidance program
because it assesses the effectiveness of the
different activities and services carried by the
counselor.
COMPETENCIES OF
COUNSELORS
1. ACTIVE LISTENING
◦ PAYING ATTENTION TO
VERBAL AND NON VERBAL
ACTIONS OF THE COUNSELEE.
◦ THE ABILITY TO
UNDERSTAND WHAT THE
CLIENT IS SAYING.
◦ BECAUSE OF THIS, THE
COUNSELOR BECOMES
RESPONSIVE TO THE
FEELINGS AND THOUGHTS
SHARED BY THE CLIENT.
 2. ATTENDING BEHAVIOR
◦ The ability of the counselors to make
the client feel comfortable and relaxed
in the counseling session.
◦ This include verbal and non-verbal
behavior such as facial expression and
body language.
 3. INTERVIEWING/ASKING QUESTIONS
◦ Skills in encouraging the client to share and
express his feelings and thoughts.
◦ Ask open ended and probing questions
which will require the client to give
thorough or complete answers and will also
allow the counselor to lead to a more direct
and deep answers from the client.

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 4. REFLECTING FEELINGS
◦ USING THE COUNSELOR’S OWN
WORDS, HE CLARIFIES TO
UNDERSTAND THE THOUGHTS AND
FEELINGS OF THE CLIENT
5. PRAISE APPROPRIATE
PRACTICES
◦ Counselor should commend the clients’ effort in
solving his problem and for his appropriate
practices.
◦ Through this skill, the counselor leads the client
to self realization and become a self-sufficient
individual.
6. GIVING INFORMATION AND
NEGOTIATING CHANGES
◦ The ability of the counselor to
enlighten the client on his problem or
concern by providing facts.
◦ Restate the problem or the instruction
and make sure that the client is fully
aware and understood the information
given to him.
7. USE OF LOCAL LANGUAGE
◦ Use of a language that can
be understood by both the
client and the counselor.
◦ It facilitates mutual
understanding
◦ Will help build rapport.
8. REMAIN NEUTRAL AND
NON-JUDGMENTAL
◦ Remain unbiased
 9. SUMMARIZING AND
PARAPHRASING
◦ SUMMARIZING is the ability of the
counselor to put together the thoughts and
feelings shared by the client.
◦ PARAPHRASING is repeating and
restating the information provided by the
client using the counselor’s own words.

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AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION
WHERE COUNSELORS
WORK

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1. EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM/
SCHOOL
2. HOSPITALS
3. MENTAL HEALTH FACILITY
4. GERIATRIC-RELATED
FACILITIES
5. CORRECTIONAL
FACILITIES/ PRISONS
6. REHABILITATION CENTERS
7. CAREER CENTERS

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8. RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS